LONG CASE
51 year old male patient ,works in Good transportation company came with cheif complaints of
1- Fever since 10 days
2- Cough since 10 days
3-shortness of breath since 6 days
History of presenting illness :
Fever since 10 days which is high grade , with chills and rigors , intermittent ,relieving with medication.
Associated with cough and shortness of breath.
Cough since 10 days which is productive ,mucoid in consistency,whitish ,scanty amount ,more during night times and on supine position ,non foulsmelling ,non bloodstained .
Right sided chest pain - diffuse , intermittent ,dragging type , aggravated on cough ,non radiating ,not associated with sweating , palpitations.
Shortness of breath since 6 days , insidious onset , gradually progresive ,of grade 3 - (MMRC scale ),not associated with wheeze ,no orthopnea ,no Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, no pedal edema .
Past history :
Patient gives history jaundice 15 days back that resolved in a week .
No history of Diabetes , Hypertension , Tuberculosis ,Bronchial asthma ,COPD , coronary artery disease , Cerebrovascular accident ,thyroid disease.
Family history :
No history of Tuberculosis or similar illness in the family
Personal history :
Patient is a chronic smoker - smokes 5 cigarettes per day from past 25 years .
He is a Chronic alcoholic - cosumes 300 ml whisky per day ,but stopped since 3 months.
No bowel and bladder disturbances
Summary :
51 year old male patient with fever ,cough , shortness of breath possible differentials
1- Pneumonia
2- Pleural effusion
GENERAL EXAMINATION :
Patient is moderately built and nourished.
He is conscious, cooperative,comfortable.well oriented to time , place and person.
No signs of pallor ,cyanosis ,icterus ,koilonychia , lymphadenopathy ,edema
Vitals :
Patient is afebrile .
Pulse - 86 beats / min ,normal voulme ,regular rhythm,normal character ,no radiofemoral delay,radioradial delay.
BP - 110/70 mmhg ,measured in supine position in both arms .
Respiratory rate -22 breaths / min
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATIONS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXAMINATION
Patient examined in sitting position
Inspection:-
Upper respiratory tract - oral cavity- Nicotine staining seen on teeth and gums ,
nose & oropharynx appears normal.
Chest- Barrel in shaped
Respiratory movements appear to be decreased on right side and it's Abdominothoracic type.
Trachea is central in position & Nipples are in 4th Intercoastal space
Apex impulse visible in 5th intercostal space
No signs of volume loss
No dilated veins, scars, sinuses, visible pulsations.
No rib crowding ,no accessory muscle usage.
Palpation:-
All inspiratory findings are confirmed by palpation.
Trachea central in position
Apical impulse in left 5th ICS, 1cm medial to mid clavicular line.
Cricosternal distance is 3 fingers breadth.
Decrease respiratory moments on right side
Tactile vocal fremitus decreased in
Right- mammary
Inframmary
Infraxillary;Infrascalular areas
Percussion: Right. Left
Supraclavicular. Resonant. Resonant
Infraclavicular. Resonant. Resonant.
Mammary. Dull. Resonant
Inframammary. Dull. Resonant
Suprascapular. Resonant Resonant
Interscapular. Dull. Resonant
Intrascapular. Dull. Resonant
Auscultation : RIGHT. LEFT
Supraclavicular. NVBS NVBS
Infraclavicular. NVBS. NVBS
mammary. decreased. NVBS
Inframammary. decreased NVBS
Suprascapular. NVBS. NVBS
Interscapular. Decreased. NVBS
Infrascapular. Decreased NVBS
(NVBS- normal vesicular breath sounds )
No history of weight loss ,no loss of appetite
No history of pain abdomen or abdominal distension , vomitings ,loose stools
No history of burning micturition.
Measurements:
Chest circumference-95cm on expiration
98cm on inspiration
Chest expansion- 3cm
Hemithorax : rt.-48cm ;left -46cm
AP diameter 32cm
Transverse diameter 26cm
Other systems examination :
Gastrointestinal system :
Inspection -
Abdomen is distended.
Umbilicus is central in position.
All quadrants of abdomen are equally moving with respiration except Right upper quadrant .
No visibe sinuses ,scars , visible pulsations or visible peristalsis
Palpation:
All inspectory findings are confirmed.
tenderness present.
Liver - is palpable 4 cm below the costal margin and moving with respiration.
Spleen : not palpable.
Kidneys - bimanually palpable.
Percussion - normal Traubes space
Auscultation- bowel sounds heard .
No bruits .
Cardiovascular system -
S1 and S 2 heard in all areas ,no murmurs,
no raised jvp
Central nervous system - Normal
Investigations : Pleural fluid analysis :
Colour - straw coloured
Total count -2250 cells
Differential count -60% Lymphocyte ,40% Neutrophils
No malignant cells.
Pleural fluid sugar = 128 mg/dl
Pleural fluid protein / serum protein= 5.1/7 = 0.7
Pleural fluid LDH / serum LDH = 190/240= 0.6
Interpretation: Exudative pleural effusion
.
Other investigations :
Serology negative
Serum creatinine-0.8 mg/dl
CUE - normal CT Abdomen
Final Diagnosis:
1-Right sided Pleural effusion
2- Liver Abscess
Treatment:
Inj. PIPTAZ 2.5gm iv QID
Tab. AZITHRO 500 OD
Inj. METROGYL 100mlTID
Tab. DOLO 650mg
Inj. NEOMOL 1gm iv
O2 inhalation
Ivf normal saline
Inj optineuron
Temperature chart 4 hrly
Bp,spo2 chart 4hrly
Inj. Amikacin iv BD
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SHORT CASE
A 46 year old male came to casuality with chief complaints of
-burning micturition since 10days
-vomiting since 2days (3-4 episodes)
-giddiness since 1day
History of presenting illness:
Patient was asymptomatic, 10days back he developed burning micturation and vomiting since 2days containing food particles, non bilious,non foul smelling(3-4 episodes),later he complained of giddiness for which he was brought to our hospital and his GRBS was recorded high value for which he was given NPH 10U and HAI 10U.
No history of fever/cough/cold
No significant history of UTIs
Past history:
10years back patient complained of polyuria for which he was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, he was started on oral hypoglycemic agents(OHA) 10years back
3years back OHAs were converted into Insulin
3years back he underwent cataract surgery
1year back he had injury to his right leg, which gradually progressed to non healing ulcer extending upto below knee and ended with undergoing below knee amputation due to developement of wet gangrene.
Delayed wound healing was present- it took 2months to heal
Not a k/c/o Hypertension, Epilepsy,Tuberculosis, Thyroid
Not on any medication
No history of blood transfusion
Personal history:
Diet - Mixed
Appetite- normal
Sleep- Adequate
Bowel and bladder- Regular
Micturition- burning micturition present
Habits/Addiction:
Alcohol-
Not consuming alcohol since 1 yr.
Previously (1yr back) Regular consumption of alcohol, about 90mL whiskey consumed almost daily.Also 1 month on & off consumption pattern previously present
Family history:
Not significant
Vitals @ Admission:
BP: 110/80 mmHg
HR: 98 bpm
RR: 18 cpm
TEMP: 99F
SpO2: 98% on RA
GRBS: 124 mg/dL
General Examination:
Pallor present
No- icterus,cyanosis,clubbing,koilonychia, lymphadenopathy
No dehydration
Systemic Examination:
CVS: S1S2 heard, No murmurs
RS: BAE+,NVBS
P/A: Soft, Non tender
CNS:
Reflexes: (Biceps/Triceps/Knee/Ankle/Plantar)Normal
Power: Normal(5/5) in both Upper and Lower limbs
Tone: Normal in both Upper and Lower limbs
No meningeal signs
Investigations:
On admission (19.5.22)
HEMOGRAM
URINE FOR KETONE BODIES
X RAY KUB
CT Scan
RFT
Ultrasound report abdomen and pelvis
20.05.22
LDH- 192
24hr Urinary protein- 434
24hrs Urinary creatinine- 0.5
Culture report: Klebsiella Pneumonia positive
Pus cells
21.5.22
Hemoglobin- 6.8g%
TLC- 22,500cells/cumm
Platelets- 1.4lakhs/cu.mm
Urea- 155mg/dl
Creatinine- 4.7
Uric acid- 7.1
Phosphorus- 2.0
Sodium- 126
Potassium- 2.6
Chloride- 87
22.5.22
Hemoglobin- 7.2
TLC- 17,409
Platelet count- 1.5
Urea- 162
Uric acid- 5.0
Sodium- 125
Chloride- 88
23.2.22
25.5.22
Dj stenting
27.5.22
Hb- 7
TLC- 22,000
Platelet count- 26,000
Urea- 144
Creatinine - 4.8
Uric acid-9.1
Phosphorus- 4.8
Sodium- 135
Potassium- 4.3
Chloride- 98
Fasting blood sugar- 149
29.5.22
Hb- 6.4
TLC- 14,700
Platelet count- 6000
Urea - 149
Creatinine- 4.4
Uric acid- 9.2
Provisional Diagnosis:
Right emphysematous pyelonephiritis and left acute pyelonephiritis and encephalopathy secondary to sepsis.
H/o of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus since 10years
Treatment:
Day 1 to Day 3:
INJ. MEROPENEM 500mg IV BD
INJ. ZOFER 4mg IV TID
INJ. PAN 40mg IV OD
IV Fluids- NS,RL @ 100 mL/hr
BP/HR/RR/SpO2 charting
Temp charting 4th hrly
RT feeds- 2nd hrly 100 mL water
Day 4
INJ. MEROPENEM 500mg IV BD
INJ. ZOFER 4mg IV TID
INJ. RANTAC 50mg IV OD
INJ. KCl 2 Amp in 500 mL NS over 4.5 hrs infusion
IV Fluids- NS,RL @ 100 mL/hr
SYP. POTCHLOR 10 mL in 1 glass of water TID
SYP. MUCAINE GEL 10 mL PO TID
7 point profile
BP/HR/RR/SpO2 charting
Temp charting 4th hrly
RT feeds- 2nd hrly 100 mL water
Day 5 to Day 10:
INJ. MEROPENEM 500mg IV BD (Day 6)
INJ. ZOFER 4mg IV TID
INJ. RANTAC 50mg IV OD
INJ. LASIX 40 mg IV BD
IV Fluids- NS,RL @ 100 mL/hr
SYP. MUCAINE GEL 10 mL PO TID
GRBS 7 point profile
INJ.HAI SC TID ACC to GRBS
TAB.DOLO 650 mg SOS
BP/HR/RR/SpO2 charting
Temp charting 4th hrly
Day 11:
INJ. COLISTIN 2.25 MU IV OD(Day 4)
INJ. ZOFER 4mg IV TID
INJ. RANTAC 50mg IV OD
INJ. LASIX 40 mg IV BD
IV Fluids- NS,RL @ 100 mL/hr
SYP. MUCAINE GEL 10 mL PO TID
GRBS 7 point profile
INJ.HAI SC TID ACC to GRBS
TAB.DOLO 650 mg SOS
Day 12:
SDP Transfusion done I/v/o low platelet count
Pre transfusion counts:
Hb:6.2 g/dL
TLC:14700
PLt:6000
Post transfusion counts:
Hb:6.4
TLC:13700
PLt:50000
INJ. COLISTIN 2.25 MU IV OD(Day 5)
INJ. ZOFER 4mg IV TID
INJ. RANTAC 50mg IV OD
INJ. LASIX 40 mg IV BD
IV Fluids- NS,RL @ 100 mL/hr
SYP. MUCAINE GEL 10 mL PO TID
GRBS 7 point profile
INJ.HAI SC TID ACC to GRBS
TAB.DOLO 650 mg SOS
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