1701006170 CASE PRESENTATION

 LONG CASE:


70 year old male resident of nalgonda  farmer by occupation came with chief complaints of 

 *Shortness of breath since 20 days

*Cough since 20 days

 History of present illness 

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 

 20 days ago when he developed Shortness of breath which was Insidious in onset gradually progressive from MMRC grade 2 to grade 3
It was aggravated on walking and heavy work and was relieved by rest.
It was not associated with wheeze and no postural or diurnal variation. 
There is no history of Orthopnea and paroxysymal noctual dyspnea. 

No history of chest pain , palpitations and chest tightness.

Patient also complained of cough  with sputum which is mucoid in consistency  non foul-smelling non blood tinged.

No postural or diurnal variation and no aggrevating factors.

 Cough Relieved on medication 

Patient gives similar history  10 years back and was treated.

Patient gives history of loss of weight(around 5 kgs ) and loss of appetite .

No history of hemoptysis

No history of sore throat or wheezing.

No history of fever ,decreased urine output syncopal attacks.

No history of hospitalization in the past month

Past history 

History of tuberculosis in the past used medication for 4months.

No history of Hypertension Diabetes Bronchial Asthma Epilepsy. 

Family history 

Not significant 

Personal history 

He takes Mixed diet 

Appetite is reduced 

Bowel and bladder movements are regular 

Addiction:Alcoholic since 20 years

Smoking- smokes around 2chuttas per day.stopped 10 years ago

No known allergies 

General examination 
Patient is conscious coherent and coperative well oriented to time place and person 
No signs of Pallor icterus cyanosis clubbing lymphadenopathy 

Vitals
Afebrile 
Bp 130/90
Respiratory rate 14 bpm
Pulse rate 72 bpm
Clinical images 

Shape of the chest elliptical 

Picture showing supra and infraclavicular hollowness 









Systemic examination 

Respiratory system 

INSPECTION 

Upper Respiratory tract 

Nose:  no Dns , no polyps no hypertrophy of turbinates.

Poor oral hygiene.

Lower respiratory tract

shape of the chest   is elliptical 

Trachea appears to be central

No drooping of shoulders

Supraclavicular hollowness and infraclavicular hollowness present 

Chest expansion is equal on both sides.

Apical impulse is not seen

No visible pulsation or scars or engorged veins.

No crowding of ribs

No kyphosis or scoliosis

No usage of accessory muscles for respiration. 

wasting of muscles present 

Spinoscapular distance is equal on both sides.

PALPATION

All Inspection   findings are conformed

No tenderness 

No local rise of temperature 

Restriction of movement on right side of chest.

Trachea is central

Apex beat felt at left 5th intercostal space.

Tactile Vocal fremitus is equally felt on both sides

Ap diameter 21 cms transverse  25 cm

I percussed the following areas

ANTERIOR.                 Right.               Left

Supraclavicular            Resonant.        Resonant

infraclavicular.     Resonant.                   Resonant

Mammary.                  Resonant.                   Resonant

LATERAL 

Axillary.                    Resonant.   Resonant

Infraaxillary.           Dull.          Resonant

POSTERIOR 

Suprascapular.           Resonant.      Resonant

interscapular.         Resonant.   Resonant 

infrascapular.       Dull.             resonant

PERCUSSION

Direct Percussion over manubrium sterni and clavicle resonance note was heard.

  dullness noted over right infrascapular area, infra axillary area 

Kronigs isthmus not obliterated 

Traubes space not obliterated.

AUSCULTATION 

Bilateral air entry is present

Decreased air entry in right infra scapular area and infra axillary area.

No additional sounds heard 

Vocal resonance decreased in right infraaxillary area.


ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION 

INSPECTION:

•Shape – scaphoid

•Flanks – free

•Umbilicus –central in position , inverted.

•All quadrants of abdomen are moving equally with respiration.

•No dilated veins, hernial orifices, sinuses

•No visible pulsations.

 PALPATION:

•No local rise of temperature and tenderness

•All inspectory findings are confirmed.

•No guarding, rigidity

•Deep palpation- no organomegaly.

 PERCUSSION:

•There is no fluid thrill , shifting dullness.

Percussion over abdomen- 

tympanic note heard.

 AUSCULTATION:

 Bowel sounds are heard.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

INSPECTION:

•Chest wall - bilaterally symmetrical 

•No dilated veins, scars, sinuses

PALPATION:

•Apical impulse is felt on the left 5th intercostal space 1cm medial to mid clavicular line.

•No parasternal heave, thrills felt

 AUSCULTATION:

•S1 and S2 heard , no added thrills and murmurs heard

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION.

 HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:

•Patient is Conscious, well oriented to time, place and person.

•All cranial nerves - intact

•Motor system: Intact

•Superficial reflexes and deep reflexes are present , normal

•Gait is normal

•No involuntary movements

•Sensory system - 

-All sensations pain, touch,temperature, position, vibration, are well appreciated.

Provisional diagnosis 

Right sided pleural effusion  secondary to TB

Investigations 

XRAY chest

Complete blood Picture 

Liver function tests 

Renal function tests

ECG 

2D ECHO

Chest x ray





Serum electrolytes 


Hiv and Hbs ag negative



Serum uric acid








LFT

Alp 165 IU/l


CBP
8.6 gm/dl
USG chest



Right sided moderate pleural effusion 







Pleural fluid sugar 151 mg /dl





2d echo
Good lv systolic function  
No pericardial effusion 




Treatment 





 

TREATMENT:

Inj Augmentin 1 to 2 gm iv Tid

Inj pan 40mg iv /od

Tab mucinac Ab TID

Tab paracetamol 650mg sos

Syrp Ascoril TID 


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


SHORT CASE:


58 year old farmer by farmer byoccupation resident of suryapet  came with chief complaints of 

Edema in both the legs since 5 days

History of present illness 

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 5 days ago where he developed pedal edema in both the limbs pitting type which was Insidious in on set gradually progressive. 

No aggrevating or relieving factors.

10 days ago he went to one hospital due to  sob grade 4  and underwent 2 sessions of dialysis.

History of 2 blood transfusions. 

No history of burning micturition, no urinary disturbances 

No history of fever chills or rigors.

No history of NSAIDS abuse.

Past history 

No history of Hypertension Diabetes Bronchial Asthma Epilepsy thyroid tuberculosis 

Family history 

Not relevant 

Personal history 

He takes mixed diet

Appetite normal

Bowel and bladder movements are regular 

Non smoker

occasional alcoholic

No known allergies 



Clinical images

Pitting edema








GENERAL EXAMINATION 

Patient is conscious coherent and coperative well oriented to time place and person. 

Vitals 

Afebrile

BP 110/70mmhg

PR 90bpm

Respiratory rate 18 cpm

Mild pallor

Icterus Cyanosis Clubbing Lymphadenopathy 

 Bilateral pedal Edema  pitting type upto ankle

SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION 

ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION 

INSPECTION:

•Shape – scaphoid

•Flanks – free

•Umbilicus –central in position , inverted.

•All quadrants of abdomen are moving equally with respiration.

•No dilated veins, hernial orifices, sinuses

•No visible pulsations.

 PALPATION:

•No local rise of temperature and tenderness

•All inspectory findings are confirmed.

•No guarding, rigidity

•Deep palpation- no organomegaly.

 PERCUSSION:

•There is no fluid thrill , shifting dullness.

Percussion over abdomen- 

tympanic note heard.

 AUSCULTATION:

 Bowel sounds are heard.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

INSPECTION:

•Chest wall - bilaterally symmetrical 

•No dilated veins, scars, sinuses

PALPATION:

•Apical impulse is felt on the left 5th intercostal space 1cm medial to mid clavicular line.

•No parasternal heave, thrills felt

 AUSCULTATION:

•S1 and S2 heard , no added thrills and murmurs heard.

 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 

INSPECTION:

•Chest is bilaterally symmetrical

•Trachea – midline in position.0

•Apical Impulse is not appreciated 

 •Chest is moving normally with respiration.

•No dilated veins, scars, sinuses.

PALPATION:

•Trachea – midline in position.

•Apical impulse is felt on the left 5th intercoastal space.

•Chest is moving equally on respiration on both sides

•Tactile Vocal fremitus - appreciated 

 PERCUSSION:

The following areas were percussed on either sides- 

• Supraclavicular-resonant

•Infraclavicular- resonant

•Mammary- resonant

•Axillary- resonant

•Infraaxillary- resonant

•Suprascapular- resonant 

•Infrascapular- resonant 

• interscapular - resonant.

 AUSCULTATION:

•Normal vesicular breath sounds heard 

•No adventitious sounds 

 

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION.

 HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:

•Patient is Conscious, well oriented to time, place and person.

•All cranial nerves - intact

•Motor system: Intact

•Superficial reflexes and deep reflexes are present , normal

•Gait is normal

•No involuntary movements

•Sensory system - 

-All sensations pain, touch,temperature, position, vibration, are well appreciated.


Investigations


 Hiv test 

Hiv non reactive





Random blood sugar
RBs 126 mg / dl


Hbs Ag negative 


Renal function tests
Urea 138 mg /dl
Creatinine 7.2 mg/dl

Uric acid 10.9  mg/dl


Hemogram

Hb 7.3 gm /dl
Rbc 2.51 mill
Serum iron

Serum iron 63 ug/dl
Liver function tests

SGOT 43 IU/L
Alp raised 325 iu /dl
Albumin 3.38 gm /dl
Complete urine examination 


Usg 
Bilateral grade 2  to3 RPD with simple renal cysts




PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS 

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON dialysis 



Treatment 

1.Tab Lasix 40mg BD

2.Tab Pantop 40 mg /po/OD

3.Tab Nodosis 500mg BD

4.Tab Orofer XT Po/OD

5.Cap Bio D3 /po weekly once

6.Inj Erythropoietin 4000 U s.c weekly once 

7.Tab Nicardia 5mg /sos

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