1801006026 CASE PRESENTATION

Long case

A 30 year old female who is a resident of akkenepalli came to the medicine  opd with the cheif complaints of Decreased urine output,pedal edema and facial puffiness since 5 days.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNES





Patient was apparently asymptomatic 6 years  then she developed generalised body ache and joint pains in the knee and elbow and ulcers in the oral  cavity and hair loss with out scarring for which she went to hospital and was diagnosed with an autoimmune condition SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSIS and initiated on hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine,wysolone.

She also reported that her joint pains and her hair loss was  not improving with the above medications and visited many hospitals and had multiple admissions but not subsided.

But she is continuing her medication but in November 2022 she developed shortness of breath which was sudden in onset while she is getting ready to go to her office and brought to hospital and was diagnosed as kidney failure and she had dialysis for 4 times with 3 days gap  and also diagnosed as hypertensive and given antihypertensives ( nicardia 30mg) and doctor also advised to stop the drugs(hydroxychloroquine , azathioprone,wysolone)for 2 months .

Patient had one episode of involuntary movements initially started left-hand followed by total body with impaired consciousness no  tongue bite,  no involuntary defecation. (Focal onset generalised seizures)

After 2 months that is in February 2023 she was admitted in hospital withthe history of vomitings , diarrhea since 10 days and was diagnosed as acute kidney injury on chronic kidney failure.

Since then she is coming to hospital for dialysis  once in 3 to 4 days .

Yesterday that is on 15 March 2023  she came with the complaints of pedal edema which is of pitting type since 5 days  which is insidious in onset gradually progressed form ankle to knee .patient also developed puffiness around the eyes which is prominent at morning after waking up.

PAST HISTORY:

A known case of hypertension since 5 months that is in November 2022 which is secondary to kidney failure and was on regular medications .

Not a known case of diabetes ,Tuberculosis,asthma ,Epilepsy. 

FAMILY HISTORY :

No such similar complaints in the family .

Only her mother has diabetes and hypertension. 

 PERSONAL HISTORY :

Diet:mixed 

Appetite :decreased 

Bowel and bladder regular .

Sleep adequate

No addictions.

DAILY ROUTINE :

Patient is a customer service executive she wakes at 7 am daily and goes to bathroom and fresh up and does bath and her mother prepare her box she goes to office daily at 8 Am and and at 10 :30 am she eats her breakfast  and drinks tea and agains continues her work till 1:30  and she will have her lunch at 1:30and continues her work till 6 pm and again reaches home at 7pm and she takes bath and help her daughter in studies till 9 :30 pm and then she watch TV till 11 pm or talks to neighbors or with her mother and she goes to at 11 pm .

But Since February 2023 she is not going to her work due to regular dialysis .

MENSTRUAL HISTROY:

Age of menarche:12 years.

Menstrual cycles :Her Menstrual cycles were irregular since 2 months. 

Her last Menstrual period was Dec 25th 2022.

OBSTETRIC HISTORY 

Para :2, live :1(full term normal vaginal delvery)



GENERAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative. Thin built and Moderately nourished .

Vitals:Pulse rate :130 bpm

Respiratory rate :24 cycles per minute (regualr)

Blood pressure :160/100 mmhg

Temperature:Afebrile.

Patient has pallor and pedaledema which is of pitting type ,patient has flat nails,hyperpigmented discoid rashes on face,black discolouration of oral mucosa and palate.

No icterus,cyanosis ,clubbing ,lymphadenopathy. 






SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

CVS: S1 S2 HEARD, No murmurs. 

Cns:No focal neurological deficits .

Respiratory system:

Normal vesicular breath sounds,Bilateral air entry present .

Per abdomen :soft and non tender. Scaphoid shaped abdomen.

No organomegaly present .

INVESTIGATIONS:



15.03.2023

Blood urea -79 mg/dl (N=12 to 42 mg/dl)

Serum creatinine-4mg/dl(N0.6 to 1.1)

Serum electrolytes-

Na :141mEq/L(N-136 to 145)

K:3.5mEq/L(N:3.5 to 5.1)

Cl:102mEq/L(N=98 to 107)

Ionized ca+2:1.01mmol/L.



14.02.2023

HEMOGRAM:

Hb 8.5gm/dl.

Total count:12000 cell /cumm

Neutrophils:83 %

Lymphocytes:11%

Pcv:24.3 volume %

Platelets :l.lL / cumm.

Impression :Normocytic normochromic anemia  with neutrophilic lymphocytes and thrombocytopenia.

Renal function test:

Urea:157mg/dl

Creatinine :6.9 mg/dl.

Uric acid :6.5 mg/dl.

ECG:


 
Biopsy findings:






Clinical images:









Provisional diagnosis:

Chronic renal failure secondary to lupus nephritis. 

Known case of sle

Treatment:

Tab Nicradia 30mgperoral thrice a day.

Tab lasix 40mg  per oral two times a day .

Tab wysolone peroral twice a day .

Tab azathioprine 50 mg per oral once daily.

Tab hydroxychloroquine 200mg peroral once daily. 

Tab Met xL 25 mg per oral once daily. 

Tab nodosis 500mg per oral once daily.

Tablet  shelcal 500mg po od

Tab orofer xt po od

Tab Pan 40mg po od.

Tab blod3 personal weekly twice .


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case


A 67 year old male resident of peddaoora  Carpenter by occupation Came with the cheif complaints of short ness of breath  since 4 years and cough since 3 years  


HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS :

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 4 years ago then he developed shortness of breath, insidious in onset,gradually progressive ,progressed from grade 1 to 2( MMRC) ,shortness of breath is more after smoking


no orthopnea,no PND, no pedal edema


No h/o seasonal and diurnal variations


Cough since 3years,dry cough ,more after smoking , no seasonal and diurnal variation 


No h/o fever,chest pain,vomitings, Palpitations. 





PAST HISTORY:

Not a known case of Diabetes mellitus ,Hypertension,Tuberculosis,Epilepsy,Asthma.


FAMILY HISTORY:

not relevant 


PERSONAL HISTORY:

Diet:mixed 

Appetite:decreased 

Sleep :Adequate 

Bowel and bladder :Regular.

Addictions:Patient is a chronic smoker since 30 years .

He used to smoke bidi 20 years back 10 bidis per day and since 10 years he is smoking cigarettes 10 per day.


DAILY ROUTINE :

He is Carpenter as well as farmer by occupation 

He daily wakes at 6Am and goes to bathroom 

Fresh up and baths and drinks tea at 7 am and he smokes 1 cigarette after tea and goes to agriculture field and does work there up to 10 am

And in the mean time he smokes 2 cigarettes .

And at 10 am he again comes home and have his breakfast (which may include idly ,dosa,upma etc.) And after breakfast he again smokes 1 cigarette and then goes to agriculture field works till 12 pm and in the mean time he smokes 1 cigarettes. And he reach home at  

12pm and takes nap up to 1 pm and wakes at 1pm and have his lunch which consists of rice and a vegetable curry .and smokes 1 cigarette then he start doing his Carpenter work like making tabels 

And ploughs (nagali) and some other stuff and works till 6pm and in the mean time he smoke

3 to 4 cigarettes and at 6 pm he stops his works and takes bath and he watch TV till 8 pm and have his dinner at 8pm smokes 1 cigarette and then sleeps at 9 pm.



GENERAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative 

Moderately built and nourished. 

Patient has clubbing which is of  grade 2

No Pallor ,icterus,cyanosis,lymphadenopathy and edema . 

Vitals:Temp:afebrile 

Pulse rate :86 bpm

Respiratory rate:16 cpm Regular ,thoracoabdominal.

Bp:110/70mmHg 


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

Examination of Respiratory system:

INSPECTION :


Upper Respiratory tract inspection:

No Halitosis

Good oral hygiene. 

oral thrush absent.

No postnasal drip .

No deviated nasal septum

No nasal polyps.





Lower Respiratory tract inspection:

Chest is symmetrical

Trachea :midline  

Drooping of shoulders absent.

No intercoastal retraction 

Patient have PECTUS EXCAVATUM.

No scars ,sinuses ,no dilated veins.

Movement with respiration symmetrical on both sides .

Accessory muscles are not used while respiration. 



PALPATION:


All inspectory findings are confirmed. 

Trachea midline.

Chest movements symmetrical on both sides .

Measurement of chest expansions: form 90 cm in inspiration to 93 cm in expiration

Tactile Vocal fremitus:All areas on Right side and left side are normal .


PERCUSSION:                      right             left 

Clavicular  percussion   resonant       Resonant

Infraclavicular                 Resonant      resonant

Mammary area               Resonant      resonant

Inframammary area       Resonant      Resonant

Axillary area.                   Resonant.      Resonant 

Suprascapular.               Resonant.        Resonant 

Interscapular.                 Resonant.        Resonant 

Infrascapular.                 Resonant.       Resonant 


AUSCULTATION:

Breath sounds : Normal vesicular breathsounds .

Added sounds:crepts heard on infrascapular area.

Vocal resonance:all areas on the left and right side are resonant.



CVS EXAMINATION:

S1 S2 HEARD,NO murmurs 


CNS EXAMINATION:

No focal neurological deficits.


PERABDOMEN:

Soft ,non tender 

No organomegaly present .


Clinical images :










Investigations:
Cxr..
 





Provisional diagnosis: copd??

Chronic bronchitis??

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