1801006060 CASE PRESENTATION

LONG CASE 


A 50 year old male patient farmer by occupation came to the department with

chief complaints  :

 - shortness of breath since 10 days 

  - complaints of edema in both upper and lower limbs since 6 days 

 decreased urine output since 6 days


History of presenting illness :

Patient was  apparently asymptomatic 1yr back ,then he noticed swelling in both the legs and on consultation diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and started on medication which was taken irregularly for subsiding the symptoms 

From then on he intermittently have pedal edema and shortness of breath .


In 2023 Jan he developed shortness of breath grade 3 and he was rushed to a hospital; and said to have heart ; lung and kindney functional  abnormalities; and was admitted in the hospital for 2 weeks , where they gave some medication, but he  did not use properly and symptoms persisted  . 


10 days back he had sudden onset of shortness of breath which is GRADE IV, orthopnea 

Edema of both upper and lower limbs since 6 days which is pitting type (grade 4 )upto thigh .


PAST HISTORY:- 

H/O fall from tree in 2008 lead to back ache and headache with use of Nsaids 

DM since 6 yrs ( metformin is being  used ) 

He is diagnosed with Tuberculosis 4yrs back and treated with antitubercular therapy

Not a known case of ; Hypertension, thyroid, Asthma . 


No history of any surgeries in the past. 


Drug history:- intermittent use of NSAIDS from past 14 years . 

ATT used for tb

PERSONAL HISTORY:- 


Diet - mixed 

Appetite normal 

Sleep - adequate 

Bowel - regular; decreased urinary output since 6 days 


Addictions - occasionally alcohol consumption 

 Cigarette stopped 25 years back before 1 pack per year.

     Daily routine

He is farmer by occupation and used to go to work by waking up at 6 am and breakfast at 7 am ,completes work by  afternoon ,takes rest and has dinner at 8 pm ,sleep at 10pm

He stayed at home since the  fall from tree due to low backache            


FAMILY HISTORY:- 


no significant family history 


ALLERGIC HISTORY:- 


no allergies to any kind of drugs or food items


GENERAL EXAMINATION:- 

Patient is conscious, coherent, and cooperative 

Well built and well nourished 

No pallor 

No icterus 

No cyanosis 

No clubbing

No lymphadenopathy

 Pitting edema seen in both lower limbs






imaginary pillow

Vitals*

Pulse rate :  85 bpmRate, rhythm(regular)character(normal ), volume - normal 

peripheral pulsations [Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis]- present 

no radio radial delay 


BP: 120/80 mm Hg measured on Rt Upper arm In the supine position

Respiratory Rate:25 CPM; 

type- thoracic abdominal 

Temperature:- 96.9 F

SPO 2 :- 98 %

GRBS :- 136 mg/dl


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION


CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM :- 


INSPECTION:-


Appears normal in shape

Apex beat is not visible

No Dilated veins, scars, sinuses


PALPATION:


1- All inspector findings were confirmed.

2-Trachea is central.


 No palpable murmurs (thrills)


PERCUSSION:- 


 Heart borders are normal limits .


AUSCULTATION:-



S1 AND S2 HEARD.

APEX BEAT @ 6TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE IN ANTERIOR AXILLARY LINE 

P2 NOT PALPABLE 

JVP MILD RAISE


RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:-


Bilateral airway entry - present


Normal vesicular breath sounds are heard all over the chest.


PER ABDOMEN:- 


no tenderness


no palpable organs


bowel sounds - present


CNS EXAMINATION:- 



The patient is conscious. 


No focal deformities. 


Signs of meningeal irritation:- 

NEGATIVE


cranial nerves - intact 


sensory system - intact


motor system - intact



INVESTIGATIONS:- 

On 13/3/23 :- 


Serology:

HIV : NEGATIVE 


Anti HCV antibodies:- NON REACTIVE


HbsAg :- NEGATIVE 


RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR: 125mg/dl


CUE :- NORMAL 


S.UREA: 64mg/dl (N:- 12-42mg/dl)

S. CREATININE: 4.3 mg/dl

S. Na+: 138

S. K+: 3.4 (3.5-5.5)

S. Cl-: 104


CBP :- 

Hb :- 12.6 gm/dl


HbA1C: 6.5%



FASTING BLOOD SUGAR :- 93 mg/dl 


POST LUNCH BLOOD SUGAR :- 152 mg/dl 



15/3/22 :- 


CBP :- 

Hb :- 11.7 Gm/dl

MCH :- decreased 



Blood urea :- 140 mg/dl 


serum creatinine:- 5.7 


Serum electrolytes:- potassium- 3.0 mEq/L

On 16 /3/23

Serum creatinine :5.9{0.9-1.3 mg/dl}


Hemogram


Hemoglobin #11.4gm/dl

Lymphocytes #18%

PCV #35.7

MCH -#26.7

RDW-CV #19.6%

RBC COUNT - 4.27 MILLION/CUMM


BLOOD UREA -191 mg/dl {12-42}

Serum electrolyte 

Potassium #3.1 {3.5-5.1}

Chest X Ray




2D echo


MODERATE MR+: MODERATE TR+ WITH PAH: TRIVIAL ECCENTRIC TR+

GLOBAL HYPOKINETIC, NO AS/MS. SCLEROTIC

MODERATE LV DYSFUNCTION+

DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION PRESENT


ULTRASOUND:

USG CHEST: 

IMPRESSION:

BILATERAL PLEURAL EFFUSION (RIGHT MORE THAN LEFT) WITH UNDERLYING COLLAPSE.


USG ABDOMEN AND PELVIS:

MILD TO MODERATE ASCITES

RAISED ECHOGENECITY OF BILATERAL KIDNEYS

DIAGNOSIS:-


HEART FAILURE WITH reduced  EJECTION FRACTION

WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY ON CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (SECONDARY TO DIABETES/NSAID INDUCED)

WITH K/C/O DM II SINCE 6 YEARS

WITh TB  3 years ago

TREATMENT

1)Fluid Restriction less than 1.5 Lit/day

2) Salt restriction less than 1.2gm/day

3) INJ. Lasix 40mg IV / BD

4) TAB MET XL 25 mg 

5) TAB. CINOD 5 MG PO/OD(IF SBP MORE THAN 110 MM HG)

6. INJ. HUMAN ACTRAPID INSULIN SC/TID (ACCORDING TO SLIDING SCALE)

7. INJ. PAN 40 MG IV/OD

8. INJ. ZOFER 4 MG IV/SOS

9. Strict I/O Charting

10. Vitals Monitoring 

11. TAB. ECOSPRIN AV 75/10 MG PO/

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
SHORT CASE


A 50 year old male came to opd with 
Chief complaints  of abdominal pain since yesterday

History of presenting illness
Patient was asymptomatic 1 day ago ,then he developed abdominal pain which is insidious in onset ,gradually progressive in nature ,colicky pain

Pain is  continuous and diffuse all over abdomen,more felt in epigastrium.
No aggravating and relieving factors.

No history of radiating pain to back ,nausea,vomiting , constipation ,blood in stools ,loose stools.

He is a chronic alcoholic of 30 yrs

Past history
H/O of diabetes since 3yrs on medication

No h/o of hypertension ,tb,asthma,epilepsy.

Personal history

Daily routine:
He wakes up at 8 am and does his daily routine and is not working ,takes 3 meals daily and drinks alcohol and smokes intermittently through the day and sleeps by  10 pm.

Diet- mixed
Appetite -normal
Bowel and bladder -regular
Sleep-disturbed since yesterday
Addictions -alcohol of 180 ml daily on average
 cigarette {tobacco} of 2 to 3 packs  daily  since 30 yrs

Family history:. Not significant

Treatment history:on anti diabetic medication since 3 yrs

GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Patient is conscious , coherent and co operative 
 
No pallor
     Icterus
     Clubbing
     Cyanosis
      Lymphadenopathy
     Generalised edema

Vitals 
     Temp - 37℃
     Blood pressure -150/100 mmHg
      Pulse rate- 65 bpm
       Respiratory rate- 20 bpm

Systemic examination:

Per abdomen examination

 On Inspection 
Abdomen  is obese

Umbilicus is central and inverted

No visible scars/sinuses/engorged viens
 All quadrants are moving  Uniformly on respiration

Grey turner sign (  discolouration of flanks) and Cullens sign(  discolouration of periumbilical area ) are negative [ These are +ve in patients with severe pancreatitis with Haemorrhage ]


On palpation
Inspectory findings are confirmed
Tenderness is  seen in epigastrium, left lumbar,right lumbar  ,umblical region
No guarding,no rigidity,
No hepatosplenomegaly
 
On percussion
Liver span is normal

On auscultation
Bowel sounds are heard
   
CVS examination
 S1,S2  heart sounds are heard

  Respiratory system examination;
     Bilateral normal vesicular breath sounds heard
CNS examination
    No focal neurological deficits

Provisional diagnosis:-

Acute pancreatitis secondary to alcohol intake.
     
Investigations

Haemoglobin :16.2gm/dl{13-17}
Total count:9,300 cells/cumm{4000-10000}
Neutrophils:82%{40-80}
Lymphocytes:10%
Eosinophils :01
Monocytes :07
Basophils :00
MCH :#32.5 pg {27-32}
MCHC:#35.5 %{31.5 -34.5}
Neutrophilia is seen

Complete urine examination
Albumin ++
Sugar+
Pus cells 4-5

Serum electrolyte are normal

Liver function tests
Total bilirubin 1.25
Direct bilirubin 0.52
SGPT 41
SGOT 32
Alkaline phosphate 322
Total protein 7.7
Albumin 4.46
A/G ratio 1.3

Ultra sound findings 
Grade 1 fatty liver
Left kidney not visualized in left renal fossa


serum creatinine  
1.3 mg/dl {0.9- 1.3 mg/dl}

Serum amylase
471 IU/L {25 -410 IU/L}
Random blood sugar
246 mg/dl {100-160mg/dl}
Blood urea 
34 mg /dl {12 -42 mg /dl}

Hbs ag - negative 



Treatment

Ini pantoprazole 40mg iv 
Inj ondansetron 4mg iv stat
Ini diclofenac im stat
Ini buscopan 40 mg  im  stat

 NBM till further
Iv fluids  NS ,NL.  100ml/hr
Ini pantoprazole 40 mg iv od
Inj tramadol 1 amp in 100ml  NS  sos
Inj thiamine 100 mg in  100ml  NS /iv/bd

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