1801006062 CASE PRESENTATION

LONG CASE :

CHIEF COMPLAINTS: 

A 40 year old female resident of suryapet came to the OPD with chief complaints of generalised weakness and generalised body pains and unable to walk since 6 months 


HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS :

Patient is apparently asymptomatic 3 years ago then in 2019 she developed weakness in left lower limb which is sudden in onset and gradually progressive for which she consulted a local doctor and found to have low levels of potassium and have been supplemented with potassium then the attack was subsided.

Sequence of illness after the first episode : 

In November 2021 :

History of severe episode of upper limb and lower limb weakness , loss of consciousness for 2 days and loss of speech for 2 days and she also has history of bowel movements and again diagnosed as hypokalaemia and treated with potassium supplements and kept on ventilation and blood transfusion (1 unit ) is done and discharged after 5 days 

on may 2022 :

She has similar complaints as past but which is less severe and she is able to walk and she is conscious and again treated for hypokalaemia and discharged in 3 days 

February 2023 :

Similar complaints as past and presented with 2 episodes of vomitings which are non bilious , non projectile and food particles as content 

During which she noticed a left sided parotid swelling and referred to dental department and the swelling got subsided in 2 days and she complained of dryness of mouth so they took lower lip biopsy then later she developed dryness of eyes with burning sensation and dry skin with no itching.

March 2023 :

She came for follow up and referred to  ophthalmology and orthopaedic department and further treatment is given .

Present complaints :

Body pains , stiffness and difficulty in walking and difficulty in getting up from the bed and needs support . 

No H/o fever , cough , tingling , numbness , discolouration of skin, dental caries. 


PAST HISTORY :

Not a known case of  hypertension, Diabetes , TB , asthma , epilepsy , coronary artery disease .


TREATMENT HISTORY:

She was on anti rheumatoid drugs for 3 years 

On Potassium syrup from 3 years (POTKLOR)



FAMILY HISTORY :

No significant family history 

PERSONAL HISTORY :

She was a daily wage labourer but she stopped working since 3 years due to her illness .

Appetite: normal 

Diet : mixed 

Bowel and bladder : regular 

Sleep : adequate 

Addictions : no addictions 

GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION :

Patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative and well oriented to time , place and person 

Moderately built and nourished 

No signs of pallor , icterus , cyanosis ,clubbing , edema , generalised lymphadenopathy.




VITALS:

Temperature: afebrile 

Blood pressure :110/70 mmhg 

Pulse rate : 88 bpm 

Respiratory rate : 17cpm


GAIT VIDEO :

https://youtube.com/shorts/V1NxKaQvXns?feature=share


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

CVS :

No visible pulsations, scars, engorged veins.

 No rise in jvp 

Apex beat is felt at 5 Intercostal  space medial to mid clavicular line.

S1 S2 heard . No murmurs.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

Shape of chest is elliptical, b/l symmetrical.

Trachea is central. Expansion of chest is symmetrical

 Bilateral Airway Entry - positive

Normal vesicular breath sounds

CNS: 


Sensory system - intact

Motor system - intact 

No focal neurological deficits


     

PER ABDOMEN :

On inspection - abdomen is flat & symmetrical 

Umbilicus is central  and inverted

No scars, sinuses & engorged veins seen.

All 9 regions of abdomen are equally moving with respiration

On palpation - abdomen is soft and non tender

On percussion - no shifting dullness, no fluid thrill

On auscultation - normal bowel sounds are heard

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

 Sjögren’s syndrome with 

Rheumatoid arthritis 

Recurrent hypokalaemic paralysis secondary to distal renal tubular acidosis 

INVESTIGATIONS :

  • February 1 st 2023 

Serum electrolytes 

Sodium:142 mmol / lit

Potassium: 1.8 mmol/lit

Chloride:108 mmol/ lit 

Serum calcium:9.8 mg / dl

Serum creatinine:1.3 mg/ dl

Blood urea:29 mg / dl 

Urinary calcium:3.0 mg/day 

Spot urine sodium:60

Spot urinary potassium:12.0

  • March 13 th 2023 

Hb:9.6g/dl

ESR:30mm/hr

Serum creatinine:1.1mg/dl

Serum potassium:4mmol/L

SGOT:23IU/L

SGPT:16IU/L

  • March 15 th 2023

ESR:36mm/hr

Serum sodium:139mmol/L

Serum potassium:3.06mmol/L

Serum chloride:114mmol/L

Complement C3:114mg/dl (90-180mg/dl normal)

Complement C4 :63mg/dl (10-40 mg/dl normal)

Serum creatinine:0.99mg/dl

SGOT: 15IU/L

SGPT:11IU/L

BIOPSY REPORT :

Histopathological Findings: H and E stained section shows the presence of multiples lobules of minor salivary gland tissue consisting of normal appearing mucous acini with intralobular and interlobar ducts. The salivary gland tissue also shows the presence of multiple foci (25) of lymphocytic infiltrate, endothelial lined blood vessels and hemorrhagic areas Correlating with clinical features, the above histopathological features are suggestive of sjogren’s syndrome






TREATMENT:


Tab NODOSIS 

Syrup POTKLOR 15ml po/TID 

TAB PREGABA M 75mg po

Tab PANTOP

Tab HCQ 200mg

Tab PREDNISOLONE







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SHORT CASE

CHIEF COMPLAINTS:

45 year old male who is a resident of Nalgonda and Sheperd  by occupation presented to the hospital with chief complaints of  shortness of breath and  cough since 6 years

 abdominal distention , facial puffiness , pedal edema since 3 years




HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS 

patient was apparently asymptomatic 6 year back and then he developed shortness of breath which is insidious in onset gradually progressive which is grade 2 (MMRC grading ) .

Then he developed cough which is productive with sputum which is yellow in colour and non blood stained 

There is history of abdominal distention since 3 years which is insidious in onset and gradually progressive  then he consulted a local doctor and used medications but then its not relieved and continued to progress  for which he came here .

He also has  history of  facial puffiness and pedal edema for  which he is  on medications .

History of constipation since 1 year .

No history of vomiting , fever, jaundice , orthopnoea , PND, chest pain , palpitations , weight loss.


DAILY ROUTINE:

He wakes up in the morning by 6'o clock and goes to the work by 9'o clock  after having breakfast  and  he will have his lunch by 1 in the afternoon and continues with the work then he goes back to home by 6 pm in the evening .

PAST HISTORY:

No similar complaints in the past 

Not a known case  diabetes , hypertension , asthma, TB, epilepsy 

He has a H/o liver infection 1year ago which had got relieved with medication.


Treatment history:

Right IOL implantation in 2021


Family history:

Not relevant


Personal history:

Diet : mixed 

Appetite-normal

Sleep-inadequate 

Bowel and bladder movements-constipation since 1year,urine output is normal

Addictions-He had H/o alcohol intake since his childhood 200ml/day and abstinence of alcohol from 1year

H/o smoking since childhood  18 cigars per day

GENERAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious,coherent,cooperative and well oriented to time and place.

Moderately built and nourished

Pallor: absent

Icterus: absent

Cyanosis: absent

Clubbing: absent

Lymphadenopathy:absent

Pedal edema: B/L pedal edema is present





VITALS : 

Bp:130/70 mm/hg

PR:88/min

RR: 17 cpm

Temperature: afebrile 

Spo2: 96%


Systemic examination:

CVS: S1,S2 heard ,no murmurs

RS:
 Grade 3 dyspnoea,expiratory wheeze is present
Patient examined in sitting position
Inspection:-
oral cavity- Normal ,nose- normal ,pharynx-normal 
Shape of chest - funnel chest(Pectus excavation)
Chest movements : bilaterally symmetrically reduced
Trachea is central in position.

Palpation:-
All inspiratory findings are confirmed
Trachea central in position
Apical impulse in left 5th ICS, 
Chest movements bilaterally symmetrical 

AUSCULTATION 
BAE+,  NVBS

Abdomen:

On inspection:

Abdominal distention present
Skin over the abdomen is shiny 
Dilated vessels over the abdomen were seen 
Umbilical hernia is present (everted umbilicus)

Palpation:

Fluid thrill is absent but there is shifting of dullness
No tenderness and no palpable mass

Bowel sounds are heard

Liver and spleen are not palpable

 CNS:
No focal neurological deficits

provisional diagnosis:

ASCITES 

INVESTIGATION :

SAAG: 

Serum albumin : 2.1 g/dl 

Ascitic albumin : 0.22 g/dl

SAAG: 1.79 g/dl

Ascitic fluid protein sugar : 
Sugar -166 
Protein -2.5 
Ascitic fluid amylase :20.3
Ascitic fluid for LDH : 150 

TREATMENT:

-Inj.lasix 40mg/kg/BD
-Nebduolin 8th hrly
  Budicort 12th hrly
-Monitor vitals
-Tab.Azithromycin 500mg po/OD *3days
-Tab.Montek - hc po/OD *3days

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