1801006074 CASE PRESENTATION

 LONG CASE


Chief complaints:
             A 50 year old male, resident of Nalgonda ,who works in an ice factory came with complaints of:
            - weakness of right upper and lower                     limbs since 5 days
            - slurred speech since 5 days.

History of presenting illness:
              Patient was apparently asymptomatic 1 month back, then he developed weakness in left upper and lower limbs which was sudden in onset and was taken to local hospital when he was diagnosed to have hypertension and his condition improved with medication in about 3 days.
             He took medication for 20 days and stopped for next 10 days when he developed sudden onset of weakness in right upper and lower limbs (which was 5 days ago). He also developed slurred speech and was taken to local hospital and then was referred to our hospital next day.
             There is no history of loss of consciousness, altered sensorium,fever,headache,vomiting,seizures,behavioural abnormalities or abnormal movements.
 
Past history:
He is a known case of hypertension since 1 month.
There is no history of diabetes, asthma,TB,epilepsy,coronary artery disease or thyroid abnormalities.

Personal history:

The patient wakes up at 4:00am in the morning daily. He has tea and goes to work in the ice factory. He lives very close to the ice factory. He comes home and has breakfast at around 8 to 9 am. He usually has rice and curry for breakfast. He then goes back to work and comes home for lunch at around 2:00 pm. He usually has rice with curry and dal for lunch. He takes mixed- diet.He finishes work by around 6:00 pm, comes home, has tea and takes a bath. Sometimes he works until 9:00 pm. He sleeps by 9:00 pm. 

The patient has history of chewing tobacco for around 10 years.

He consumes alcohol regulary since 30 years. He stopped for around 3 years and started again 6 months ago.

Bowel and bladder movements-regular.

Treatment history:

He took medication for hypertension- Amlodipine and Atenolol for 20 days and stopped for the past 15 days.

Family history:

No history of similar complaints in the family.

General examination:

Patient is conscious and cooperative. 

He is well oriented to time,place and person.

Moderately built and nourished. 


Vitals :- 

Temp - afebrile

BP  - 140/80 mm Hg

Pulse rate - 78 bpm

Respiratory rate - 14 cycles per minute 

Pallor - absent

Icterus - absent

Cyanosis - absent

Clubbing - absent

Lymphadenopathy - absent

Oedema - absent 


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

CNS EXAMINATION:

Right handed person.

Higher mental functions are intact.

Speech- slurred

Behaviour-normal

Memory- intact

Intelligence-normal

No hallucinations or delusions

Gait:



CRANIAL NERVE EXAMINATION:

I - no alteration in smell
II -
Visual acuity- normal
Field of vision- normal 
Color vision - normal
III, IV, VI -
EOM- normal
Diplopia- absent
Nystagmus absent
No ptosis

V - sensations of face normal, can chew food normally 

VII - Deviation of mouth to the left side, upper half of right side and left side normal
Taste sensation over anterior 2/3 of tongue present

VIII - hearing is normal, no vertigo or nystagmus 
IX,X - no difficulty in swallowing 
XI - neck can move in all directions 
XII - tongue movements normal, no deviation

Pupils - both are normal in size, reactive to light 

Motor examination:

Tone:

RUL: increased

LUL: normal

RLL: increased

LLL: normal


Power:

RUL: 3/5

LUL: 4/5

RLL: 3/5

LLL: 4/5


Reflexes: 

Superficial reflexes:

                          Right               Left

Corneal :         present          present

Conjunctival:  present          present

Abdominal:     present  in all quadrants

Plantar :          not elicited     flexion


Deep tendon reflexes:

                            Right                 Left

Biceps                  ++                     ++


Triceps                 ++                     ++


Supinator             ++                     ++

Knee jerk             +++                   ++



Ankle jerk            +++                   ++




Sensory examination:

Pain, temperature, crude touch, pressure sensations- normal

Fine touch, vibration, proprioception- normal

No abnormal sensory symptoms .

Tactile localisation- able to localise


Cerebellar examination:

Finger nose test- normal

No dysdiadochokinesia

Knee heel test - normal


CVS EXAMINATION :-


JVP: Normal


INSPECTION:


Chest wall symmetrical

Pulsations not seen

 

PALPATION:


Apical impulse – normal

Pulsations – normal

Thrills absent

 

PERCUSSION:


No abnormal findings

 

AUSCULTATION


S1, S2 heard
No murmurs 
No added sounds

3) ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION :- 


INSPECTION:


1. Shape – flat
2. Flanks – free
3. Umbilicus – Position-central, Shape-normal
4. Skin – normal
5. Hernial Orifices - normal 

 

PALPATION:

 

Abdomen is soft and non tender

No hepatomegaly

No splenomegaly 

Kidneys not enlarged, no renal angle tenderness

No other palpable swellings

Hernial orifices normal

 

PERCUSSION:


Fluid Thrill/Shifting dullness/Puddle’s sign absent


 

AUSCULTATION:


Bowel sounds – normal 
No bruits, rub or venous hum


4) RESPIRATORY EXAMINATION :- 

- Chest bilaterally symmetrical, all quadrants
moves equally with respiration.
- Trachea central, chest expansion normal.
- Resonant on percussion
- Bilateral equal air entry, no added sounds heard.

1. Breath sounds -  Normal Vesicular Breath sounds
2. Added sounds - absent
3.  Vocal Resonance - normal
4. Bronchophony, Egophony, Whispering Pectoriloquy absent

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

Right hemiparesis due to cerebrovascular accident.


INVESTIGATIONS :

Anti HCV antibodies rapid - non reactive 

HIV 1/2 rapid test - non reactive


Blood sugar random - 109 mg/dl 

FBS - 114 mg/dl


Hemoglobin- 13.4 gm/dl

WBC-7,800 cells/cu mm

Neutrophils- 70%

Lymphocytes- 21%

Eosinophils- 01%

Monocytes- 8%

Basophils- 0

PCV- 40 vol%

MCV- 89.9 fl 

MCH- 30.1 pg

MCHC- 33.5%

RBC count- 4.45 millions/cumm

Platelet counts- 3.01 lakhs/ cu mm



SMEAR:

RBC - normocytic normochromic

WBC - with in normal limits

Platelets - Adequate

Haemoparasites - no 



CUE:

Colour - pale yellow

Appearance- clear 

Reaction - acidic

Sp.gravity - 1.010

Albumin - trace

Sugar - nil

Bile salts - nil

Bile pigments - nil

Pus cells - 3-4 /HPF

Epithelial cells - 2-3/HPF

RBC s - nil 

Crystals - nil

Casts - nil 

Amorphous deposits - absent


LFTs:

Total bilirubin - 1.71 mg/dl

Direct bilirubin- 0.48 mg/dl

AST - 15 IU/L

ALT - 14 IU/L

Alkaline phosphatase - 149 IU/L

Total proteins - 6.3 g/dl

Albumin - 3.6 g/dl

A/G ratio - 1.36



Blood urea - 19 mg/dl

Serum creatinine - 1.1 mg/dl


Electrolytes 

Sodium - 141 mEq/L

Potassium - 3.7 mEq/L

Chloride - 104 mEq/L

Calcium ionised - 1.02 mmol/L


T3 - 0.75 ng/ml 
T4 - 8 mcg/dl 
TSH - 2.18 mIU/ml



MRI 




Impression:  
Acute infarct in posterior limb of left internal capsule
Old lacunar infarct in left side of pons
Few microhemorrhages in bilateral cerebral hemispheres.

USG: 
No sonological abnormalities detected.

ECG:

               Regular Rhythm,60 bpm

TREATMENT:-

Tab.ECOSPRIN 

Tab.CLOPITAB 75mg PO/OD 

Tab.Stamlo beta

Physiotherapy of right upper limb and lower limb




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

SHORT CASE

 Chief complaints:

        A 50 year old man, resident of Nalgonda came to OPD on 16/3/23 morning with chief complaints of pain abdomen since 6hrs.

History of presenting illness:
        He developed pain abdomen at 12 am on 15/3/23 which was sudden in onset and gradually progressive. Pain was diffusely present but more in umbilical and left lumbar region. It was colicky type and non radiating. Pain was continuous with no aggravating and relieving factors.
History of alcohol intake present.
No history of fever,nausea,vomiting or loose stools.

Past history:
Similar complaints in the past 2 years back and was diagnosed to have acute pancreatitis.
He is a known case of diabetes since 2 years and was on medication(?)
No history of Hypertension, Asthma,Tuberculosis, CAD.

Personal history:
Daily routine:
He wakes up at 8 am and does his daily routine and is not working ,takes 3 meals daily and drinks alcohol and smokes intermittently through the day and sleeps by  10 pm.

           Diet- mixed
           Appetite- normal
           Bowel and bladder movements- regular
           Sleep- disturbed since 2 days
           Addictions- chronic alcoholic since 30                                  years(takes about 180 ml                                    per day on average)
                                Smokes cigarettes 2-3                                        packs per day since 30                                        years

Family history:insignificant

General examination:
Patient is conscious,coherent and cooperative ,moderately built and nourished.
Pallor:absent
Icterus:absent
Cyanosis:absent
Clubbing:present
Lymphadenopathy:absent
Edema:absent

Vitals:
Blood pressure: 150/100 mm Hg
Pulse rate:65bpm
Respiratory rate:20 com
Temperature:afebrile

Systemic examination:

Per abdomen examination:

On inspection: abdomen is obese,umbilicus is central and inverted. All quadrants of abdomen are moving accordingly with respiration. No visible scars,sinuses,engorged veins.

On palpation: all inspectory findings are confirmed, abdomen is soft and tenderness is present in the umbilical and left lumbar lumbar region. No guarding or rigidity . No hepatospleenomegaly and hernial orifices are free.

On percussion: no shifting dullness

On auscultation: bowel sounds heard

CVS: S1,S2 heard,no murmurs

Respiratory system: bilateral air entry present,normal vesicular breath sounds heard

CNS: no neurological deficit.

Provisional diagnosis: 
Acute on chronic pancreatitis secondary to alcohol intake.

Investigations:

Hemogram:
Hb 16.2 mg/dl 
Total count 9,300 cells/cumm
Neutrophils  82%
Lymphocytes 10 %
MCV 91.9
MCH 32.5
MCHC 35.5
RBC count 4.96 millions/cumm

Smear:
Normocytic,normochromic-RBC
WBC within normal limits with neutrophils
Platelets- adequate

 Serum Lipase: 230 IU/L

Serum Amylase: 471 IU/L

RBS: 246 mg/dl

LFT:
Total bilirubin :1.25 mg/dl
Direct bilirubin  0.52 mg/dl
SGOT: 32 IU/L
SGPT: 41 IU/L
Alkaline phosphatase : 322 IU/L
Total proteins 7.7 gm/ dl
Albumin : 4.45 gm/dl

Serum creatinine: 1.3 mg/dl

CUE: 
Pale yellow,clear,acidic 
Sp gravity: 1.010
Albumin ++
Sugar +
Bile salts nil
Bile pigments nil
Pus cells 4-5 /HPF
RBC nil
Casts nil


USG:
Grade  I fatty liver
Left kidney not visualized in left renal fossa

CT:
Pancreas:
Bulky with heterogeneous parenchymal enhancement with peripancreatic fat stranding associated with fluid traversing along left paracolic gutter.
No parenchymal necrosis.
No peripancreatic collection or pseudo cyst
Splenic artery patent
Minimal ascites.

Spleen normal
Liver ,gall bladder normal

Impression: features suggestive of acute interstitial pancreatitis with modified CT severity score of 4. Minimal ascites


Treatment:

-NBM 

-  IV fluids : NS and RL ( 100ml/hr) 

-Inj pantop 40mg IV OD 

-Inj Thiamine 200mg in 100ml NS iv tid 

- Inj HAI s/c tid premeal. 

- BP, PR, RR, temperature monitoring and charting 4th hourly.

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