1801006079 CASE PRESENTATION
LONG CASE
CHEIF COMPLAINTS :-
A 79 year old male was brought to the OPD with cheif complaints of cough since 20 days ,C/o altered sensorium since 3 days, difficulty in swallowing and h/o Aspiration pneumonia since one month and fever since 10 days
HOPI :-
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 20days back then he developed cough which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive. The cough was productive but patient was not able to spit it out and he also faced Difficulty in swallowing.
20 days back ( on feb 25th) he started to have cough and coldH/o change of voice since 20 days, insidious, hoarse in character and
Slurring of speech was seen.
H/o cough on intake of liquids.
No h/o hemoptysis, difficulty in breathing, breathlessness.
High grade Fever was since 10 days associated with Chills and rigors
There is no history of vomiting, chest pain, loose stools.
events history:-
-> 10 years back , patient developed lesions on his both foot and out of no where and went to the doctor and found to have diabetes and was put on medication and after 1 year with regular check up he was diagnosed Hypertension and was put on antihypertensive medication.
-> 7 years back, patient developed head ache at morning, shoulder ache at evening and become sick by night followed by vomtings he was taken to hospital and was thought to have a heart problem and sent back home, but on that night itself he developed leg pain and itching
Patient was awake on that night due to left hand weakness and itching
-> On NEXT DAY Morning they took him to hospital And the Patient was able to lift his hand But was unable to hold objects.
-> AFTER 3 DAYS patient developed left sided hemiplegia.
MRI REPORT showed 3 INFARCTS
Patient stayed for one and half month in hospital and there was no improvement and discharged.
He took liquid deit for 3months because patient is unable to eat solid foods and then he slowly started eating solid foods.
-> AFTER 1 YEAR [2017] He developed vomitings, Fever, Shivering for 3 days and was Diagnosed with urinary tract infection
For that he Took antibiotics for 5 days and it got resolved
-> AFTER 3 YEARS [2020] He had Cough for 2days With Fever on 2nd day and was Diagnosed with covid this was the first time he got COVID for and it resolved
-> AFTER 1 YEAR [2021] He was Diagnosed with COVID for 2nd time and resolved
-> One year back [2022]
He got seizures for 5min and they took him to the hospital.
-> From 7 years onwards , patient was bedridden with foleys attached to him and physiotherapy was done by his attenders daily, but there no improvement was seen
-> 20 days back, from March 1st onwards patient developed slurring of speech, mild cough unable to clear the throat secretions and decreased responsiveness and was taken to the hospital and was treated with antibiotics and patient was brought here for further evaluation.
PAST HISTORY :-
K/c/o CVA with left hemiplegia since 7 years.
K/c/o seizures disorder since 2 years
K/c/o hypothyroidism since 5 years
PERSONAL HISTORY :-
Appetite - decreased
diet - mixed
Bowel- constipation present
Bladder - regular
No known allergies and Addictions
Family History- not significant
TREATMENT HISTORY :-
-> Tab TELMA AM 40mg po/od since past 10years
-> Tab zoryl mv , po/od
-> Tab levipil 500mg since 2 years
-> thyronorm 25mcg. Since5 years
GENERAL EXAMINATION :-
O/e PT IS arousable but not oriented.
Pt not cooperative mostly.
-> pallor: PRESENT
-> no pedal edema, icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy
VITALS ON ADMISSION :-
PR-90 BPM
BP- 140/80MM HG
RR- 22 CPM
SPO2- 98% AT RA
GRBS - 183mg/dl
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION :-
Respiratory :-
Inspection : respiratory movements equal on both sides
Trachea central
palpation : apical impulse in left 5th intercostal space
Auscultation : normal vesicular breath sounds
Percussion- BAE+
MMSE
Orientation - 5/5, 5/5
Registration - 3/3
Recall - 3/3
Attention A Calculation - 5/5
Language - 2/2
CRANIAL N. EXAMINCTION :-
1. CN
Sence of Smell - N
2. CN
visual acuity - decreased on left side
3,4,6 CN
EOM movement - could not perform
Pupil size - 2, 3 mm
Direct light reflex/consensual light reflex/accommodation reflex - present, present
Ptosis - absent, absent
Nystagmus - absent, absent
5 CN
Sensory over face & buccal mucosa - N, N
Motor - masseter, Temporalis, pterigoids - N, N
Reflexes - Corneal,Conjunctival - N, N
Jaw jerk -
https://youtube.com/shorts/oDiIsXYUFUA?feature=share
7 CN
Motor
Nasolabial fold - equal om both sides
Occipito frontalis - equal om both sides
Orbicularis oculi - equal om both sides
Orbicular oris - equal om both sides
Buccinator - equal om both sides
Sensory:
Taste over anterior two third of tongue - cant be performed
8 CN - could not perform
Rinnes test
Webers test
9, 10 CN -
Uvula palatal arches movements - N, N
Gag reflex - N
palatal reflex - N
11 CN - could not be elicited
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
12 CN
wasting - no
Fasciculations - no
Tongue protrusion to midline - midline
MOTOR SYSTEM EXAMINATION :- could not be performed
Power - could not be performed
U/L ->
Shoulder -
Flexion - Extention
lateral - medial rotation
Abduction -Adduction
Elbows -
Flexion - Extension
Wrist -
DorsiFlexion - palmar flexitar
Adduction - Abduction
Pronation - Supination
Hand grip
L/L ->
Hip
Flexion- Extension
lateral rotation - Medial rotation
Abduction - Adduction.
Knees -
Flexion - extention
Ankle -
DorsiFlexion - plantar flexion
Inversion - eversion.
Trunk muscles - rolling over bed cannot br performed
Superficial reflexes -
Corneal - N, N
Conjunctival - N, N
Abdominal - N, N
Deep Tendon reflexes -
Biceps
Triceps -
https://youtu.be/CwSf8bH6rpU
Supinator -
https://youtu.be/HNkl3fJK2SQ
Knee -
https://youtube.com/shorts/vjUYdwVpHCU?feature=share
Ankle -
https://youtube.com/shorts/-ctZOfDRSfg?feature=share
Cerebellar examination - could not be performed
Finger Nose test
Finger finger test
Dysdiadokinesia
Heel knee test
Tandem walking
Dysmetria
Intention tremor
Rebound phenomenon
Nystagmus
Titubation
Rhombergs test
SIGNS OF MENINGEAL IRRITATION: absent
Sensory System examination - could not be performed
Spinothalamic tract
Crude touch
Pain
Temperature
Posterior Column
fine touch
Vibration
position sense
Cortical -
Two point discrimination
Tactile localization
Graphesthesia
Stereognosis
Gait could not be done
Examination of spine - normal
Examination of other Systems - NAD +
CVS :-
Auscultation: s1s2 +,no murmurs
P/A :-
inspection: umbilicus is central and inverted, all quadrants moving equally with respiration,no scars,sinuses, engorged veins, pulsations
auscultation: no bowel sounds heard
bed sores
C/o asymptomatic lesions all over the body since 2 months
H/o application of unknown topical medications used
O/e multiple hyperpigmented Macclesfield present all over the body with scaly lesions over the upper back
->Diffuse xerosispresent
-> single ulcer of size 1.5x1.5 cm over the back.
Diagnosis - Senile Xerosis with post inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
A pressure ulcer was also seen at base of scrotum
INVESTIGATIONS :-
HbsAg rapid - negative
Xray -
Blood urea -30mg/dl
HBA1C-6.7%
HIV 1/2 RAPID TEST - NON REACTIVE
Anti HCV antibodies rapid - nonreactive
TOTAL BILIRUBIN -0.81mg/dl(normal-0 to 1mg/dl)
Direct bilirubin-0.17mg/dl(0 to 0.2mg /dl)
Serum creatinine -0.9 mg/dl (0.8 to 1.3 mg /dl)
Electrolytes -
Sodium 135meq/l
Potassium 3.5 meq/l
Chloride 98meq/l
Calcium -1.06 mmol/l
ABG -
Ph 7.51
PCO2 29.5mmhg
Po2 67.5 mmhg
PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:-
Recurrent CVA with T2 DM, hypertension with seizures disorder.
TREATMENT:-
1) TAB ECOSPRIN 150 mg RT/OD
2) TAB CLOPIDOGREL 75 MG RT/OD
3) TAB ATORVAS 20 MG RT/OD
4) NEBULISATION - 3% NS ,
MUCUMZY 8th hourly
5) CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY.
6) RT FEEDS 100 ML WATER 2nd HRLY
50 ML Milk 2nd HRLY.
8) TAB. THYRONORM 25MCG RT/OD
9) TAB. LEVIPiL
A 50-year-old female patient who is a farmer by occupation and a resident of nakrekal came to the casualty with the cheif complaints of fever and swelling of both the legs since 3 days.
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS :
patient was apparently asymptomatic 5 days back, then she developed fever which was insidious in onset intermittent in nature, assosiated with and subsided on using medication (dolo) and increases during night time around 4 AM
5 days before developing fever she had travelled intensely to and fro from her house. Inspite of raining on few days, she continued her travel and had also been working at her farm.
On the next day of onset of fever she visited a local hospital, where she got to know that she has jaundice, kidney infection and decreased platelet count and the doctors over there referred the patients to our hospital.
She had history of constipation for 2 yrs and passes stools once every 3 days. She said to get a relief from her constipation she consumed ajwain (vamu).
She had history of 4 episodes of loose stools 5 days back after consuming ajwain, which were non-blood stained and mucus was present. She suffered with a dragging type of pain in her abdomen after passing those stools which lasted for half an hr.
There is history of pedal edema which was gradual and assosiated with onset of fever and has decreased since 2 days.
She has a history of 3 episodes of vomiting 2 days back, which had food as its content.
She complained of a dragging type of pain from below her waist to her feet which only noticed when she moved her legs.
Bilateral pedal edema since 3 days Non pitting type
Burning micturition present
No history of shortness of breath
HISTORY OF PAST ILLNESS :
Not a known case of,
Hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy, CAD, asthma, thyroid.
PERSONAL HISTORY :
Diet - mixed
Appetite - decreased
sleep - inadequate
Bowel and Bladder movements - regular
Addictions - occasional toddy consumption
No known allergies
DRUG HISTORY :
No significant drug history
FAMILY HISTORY :
No significant family history
GENERAL EXAMINATION :
Patient is conscious ,coherent ,cooperative and was well oriented to time ,place and person
at the time of examination
She is examined in a well lit room, with consent taken.
She is moderately built and well nourished.
Pallor - absent
Icterus - present
Icterus on inspection -
Cyanosis - absent
Clubbing - absent
lymphadenopathy - absent
Pedal edema - present
Pedal edema on inspection -
Vitals : on the day of admission
Temperature - Afebrile
Pulse rate - 96 bpm
Respiratory rate - 16 cpm
Blood pressure - 120/70 mmHg
SpO2 - 98% on Room air
GRBS - 101 mg/dl
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION :
CVS :- S1 and S2 heart sounds heard
NO murmurs and thrills
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM :- Bilateral air entry present position of trachea - centrall
Vesicular breathsounds heard
CNS :- intact
ABDOMEN :- Soft and non tender
No palpable masses
Bowel sounds heard
NO organomegaly
INVESTIGATIONS :
On the day of admission
Serum creatinine - 3.8 mg/dl (0.6 - 1.1)Blood urea - 138 mg/dl (12 - 42)
Blood grouping - A positive
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