1801006109 CASE PRESENTATION

 long case

A 23 year old female patient store manager by occupation r came to general medicine OPD with 


CHIEF COMPLAINTS 


• Pain in the left side of abdomen on and off since 1 year 




HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS 


• Patient was apparently asymptomatic 9 years back then she started developing pain in left hypochondrium which is insidious in onset intermittent & dragging type. since last one year she is having 1-2episodes of pain every month lasting for 30-60 min.


•c/o frequent onset of fever (once in 15-20 days) since 1 year, for which she visited a local hospital and found to be having low hemoglobin & started oral iron (used for one month) for which she had black coloured stools.


•c/o shortness of breath since one year ( Grade III MMRC)


•c/o early fatigability, tingling in upper and lower limbs 


•decreased appetite since 14 years of age 


•No H/o chest pain, pedal edema 


•No H/o orthopnea, PND 


•No H/o cold , cough 


•No bleeding manifestations 


•No c/o weight loss




PAST HISTORY


•Not a known case of  Hypertension , Diabetes mellitus , Tuberculosis , asthma , thyroid disorders, epilepsy , CVD , CAD 


• No H/o surgeries in the past 




FAMILY HISTORY


•No significant family history




PERSONAL HISTORY


• Diet - mixed 


• appetite - decreased


• sleep - adequate


• bowel and bladder - regular


• No addictions and no known allergies  




MENSTRUAL HISTORY 


• age of menarche - 12 yrs 


• Regular cycles , 3/28 , changes 3-4 pads per day. 


• No gynecological problems

GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 


• patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative and well oriented to time, place and person.


• Thin built 


• No pallor, icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy, pedal edema

VITALS 



Temperature : afebrile


Pulse rate : 70 bpm


Blood pressure :110/70 mmHg


Respiratory rate : 18 cpm















SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION


PER ABDOMEN :


• inspection 


Shape - flat , no distention 


Umblicus - inverted, round scar around umblicus


No visible pulsations,peristalsis, dilated veins 


Visible swelling in the left hypochondrium , 6cm×4cm in size, oval shape, smooth, skin over swelling is normal 


Hernial orifices are free


• Palpation

No local rise of temperature and tenderness


 Spleen palpable ( moderate splenomegaly) 5cm below it's costal margin


 No palpable liver 


•Percussion


liver span -12 cm 


Spleen - dullness extending to left lumbar region 


Fluid thrill and shifting dullness absent


•Auscultation 

 

Bowel sounds present 



CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:


•Inspection 


Shape of chest- elliptical shaped chest

No engorged veins, scars, visible pulsations

No JVP 


•Palpation 

 

Apex beat can be palpable in 5th inter costal space medial to mid clavicular line

No thrills and parasternal heaves can be felt


•Auscultation 


S1,S2 are heard

no murmurs

 



RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:


•Inspection


Shape of the chest : elliptical 


B/L symmetrical , 


Both sides moving equally with respiration 


No scars, sinuses, engorged veins, pulsations




•Palpation


Trachea - central


Expansion of chest is symmetrical.




•Auscultation


 B/L air entry present . Normal vesicular breath sounds

CNS:


•HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS- 


Normal


Memory intact




•CRANIAL NERVES :Normal




•SENSORY EXAMINATION


Normal sensations felt in all dermatomes




•MOTOR EXAMINATION


Normal tone in upper and lower limb


Normal power in upper and lower limb


Normal gait




•REFLEXES


Normal, brisk reflexes elicited- biceps, triceps, knee and ankle reflexes elicited




•CEREBELLAR FUNCTION


Normal function


No meningeal signs were elicited


Provisional diagnosis:-

Splenomegaly with anemia.



Complete blood picture

25/02/2023


HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.9 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2000 cells/cumm
pcv - 32.4
MCV - 78.6
MCHC - 27.5
RDW-CV 25.2
smear- microcytic hypochomic with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia

26/02/2023

HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.8 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2600 cells/cumm
pcv - 32.8
MCV - 79.0
MCHC - 26.8
RDW-CV 25.3 %
smear- microcytic hypochomic with leucopenia and thromobocytopenia

27/02/2023


HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.7 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2000 cells/cumm
pcv - 31.9
MCV - 78.6
MCHC - 27.3
RDW-CV 24.5
smear- microcytic hypochromic with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia

28/02/2023


HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.0 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 1660 cells/cumm
lymphocytes -  41%
monocytes - 12%
pcv - 28.5 
MCV - 78.3
MCHC - 26.1
RDW-CV 24.6
smear- microcytic hypochromic with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia


1/03/2023



HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.9 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2000 cells/cumm
pcv - 32.4
MCV - 78.6
MCHC - 27.5
RDW-CV 25.2
smear- microcytic hypochromi with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia


2/03/203


HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.2 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 1800 cells/cumm
lymphocytes - 41%
pcv - 29.3
MCV - 78.8
MCHC - 28.0
RDW-CV 24.6
smear- microcytic hypochromic with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia


4/03/2023



HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.7 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2130 cells/cumm
pcv - 30.0
MCV - 789     
MCHC - 28.6
RDW-CV 24.6
smear- Anisocytosis with normocytes microcytes tear drops pencil forms and macrocytes
impressions -Pancytopenia


7/03/2023



HAEMOGLOBIN- 9.2 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2000 cells/cumm
monocytes - 13%
pcv - 33.4
MCV - 82.1
MCHC - 27.5
RDW-CV 24.5
smear-  Anisocytosis with normocytes microcytes tear drops pencil forms and macrocytes
impressions -Pancytopenia

9/03/2023



HAEMOGLOBIN- 9.8 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2600 cells/cumm
pcv - 34.3
MCV - 80     
MCHC - 28.6
RDW-CV 24.5
smear-  Anisocytosis with normocytes microcytes tear drops pencil forms and macrocytes
impressions -Pancytopenia


12/03/2023



HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.8 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2000 cells/cumulative
lymphocytes - 42%
pcv - 30.1
MCV - 80.3
MCH - 23.5
MCHC - 29.5
RDW-CV 22.5
RBC 3.75 millions/cumm
smear-  Anisocytosis with normocytes microcytes tear drops pencil forms and macrocytes
impressions -Pancytopenia


13/03/2023

HAEMOGLOBIN- 8.7 gm/dl
TOTAL COUNT - 2000 cells/cumm
pcv - 29.8
MCV - 80.5
MCH - 23.5
MCHC - 29.5
RDW-CV 22.5
RBC - 2.70millipns /cum
smear-  Ansocytosis with normocytes microcytes tear drops pencil forms and macrocytes
impressions -Pancytopenia

APTT


Result- 41s

BLOOD UREA- 26 mg/dl
BLEEDING AND CLOOTING TIME


bleeding time - 2min
clotting time -4min

BLOOD GROUPING AND RH TYPE-B positive


PROTHROMBINE TIM- 2.0sec


SERUM CREATININE - 0.6 mg/dl



HIV - non reactive


Anti HCV antibodies -non reactive


ECG
USG
CT SCAN
Bone marrow biopsy 


Final Diagnosis : splenomegaly with pancytopenia


TREATMENT :-


 -inj. Taxim 1g OD


• inj. Pan 40g OD


• inj. Zofer OD


• tab livogen 150mg PO/OD


• tab ultracet 500mg PO/TID


• tab mvt PO/OD


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case


Cheif complaints:


A 14 year old female,resident of nagarjuna sagar presented with cheif complaints of 

Pain in lower limbs (more in right knee) and lower back pain since 6 days 

History of presenting illness:-


She was apparently asymptomatic  6days back then she developed pain in left ankle initially which is progressive and since 1 day she developed pain in both knee (more on the right side>>left) which is of throbbing type in nature . 

Tenderness in calf muscles is present.

No aggravating and relieving factors

No history of fever ,abdominal pain



No H/o of swelling, weakness.


All the peripheral pulses are palpable


No h/o chest pain,shortness of breath,headache and palpitations 


No h/o aphasia or dysphagia, seizures,Severe headache,altered mental status


BIRTH HISTORY:


Second child 

Consanguineous 3 rd degree 

 All trimesters were uneventful. 

-She was delivered through Caeserean section

-Birth weight of 3kg.

PAST HISTORY - 

At the age of 3 she had complaints of fever,sob,fatigue, patient was diagnosed as sickle cell anemia since then She underwent multiple PRBC transfusion 20times in 11years last PRBC transfusion was in jan 2023.

H/O similar Complaints in the past for 3 times.

H/O jaundice 2yrs ago

H/O cholelithiasis 3months ago 

Not a Known case of DM,HTN,CAD,CVA, EPILEPSY

IMMUNIZATION HISTORY 

BCG scar present.

patient is immunised till date



PERSONAL HISTORY :


Diet: mixed

Appetite: normal

Sleep: adequate

Bowel and bladder movements regular

No addictions


FAMILY HISTORY - 


3rd degree consanguity of parents

No known affected relatives

GENERAL EXAMINATION:


Patient was conscious, coherent and cooperative. 

Well oriented to time, place and person.

Moderately built and nourished.


Pallor present


Icterus present 


Cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy, Pedal edema absent


Vitals


Temp: Afebrile 


PR- 96bpm    


RR- 18/Min


BP- 110/70 mmHg


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION


P/A - Shape of abdomen- Normal. Umbilicus everted. No scars. No organomegaly. Bowel sounds heard.


CVS examination -

-Inspection 


Shape of chest- elliptical shaped chest

No engorged veins, scars, visible pulsations

No JVP 


•Palpation 

 

Apex beat can be palpable in 5th inter costal space medial to mid clavicular line


•Auscultation 


S1,S2 are heard

no murmurs

RS- NVBS.


CNS- No focal neurological deficits


Tone, power and reflexes are normal.


On examination on lower limbs bilateral calf tenderness is seen.



Clinical pictures:










Peripheral smear


X ray







Provisional diagnosis:-

Hemolytic Anaemia ?


INVESTIGATIONS :-


Hemoglobin-8gm/dl

TLC-22,900

PCV-23.1(normal-36 to 46)

BLOOD group -O positive 

Total bilirubin-20.15

Direct bilirubin-14.13

SGOT-170

SGPT-180

ALP-560

CRP-negative

Serology -negative

LDH-

blood urea-20mg/dl


Creatinine-0.4

Electrtrolytes-

sodium- 136 mEq/l

Pottasium-4.5 mEq/l

Chloride-101mEq/l

Calcium 1.02mmol/l


Peripheral smear-


  Anisopoikilocytosis with predominant Sickle cell, normocytes, few microcytes

Platelets and wbc were raised 







Final diagnosis:-

Sickle cell anaemia with vaso occlusive crisis.

Treatment:-

IV FLUID IONS@75ml/hr

TAB.FOLIC ACID 5mg PO OD

TAB.ECOSPRIN 75mg PO OD

TAB.HYDROXY UREA 1000 PO OD

INJ.TRAMADOL 1Amp in 100ml NS SOS

INJ.PANTOP 40mg IV OD

INJ.ZOFER 4mg IV SOS

TAB.NAPROXEN 250mg PO BD

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