1801006110 CASE PRESENTATION

 long case

Chief complaints:


A 70 years old male came to the opd with chief complaints of 

Bilateral pedal edema since 2 months.

Shortness of breath since 2 weeks 

Decreased urine output since10 days.


History of presenting illness:


•Patient was apparently asymptomatic 2months back the he developed bilateral pedal edema which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive extended up to knee and it is of pitting type.

•He developed shortness of breath which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive and of grade sob is intially grade 2 and at present progress to grade 4.(NYHA)

•History of loss of appetite and Nausea.

•History of hypertension since 10              years.

•No history of palpitations,chest pain and syncopal attack.

•No history of cough,hemoptysis,wheeze.

•No history of fever

•No history of burning micturation 

•No history of diarrhoea 


Past history:


Not a known case of diabetes mellitus, Asthma,epilepsy leprosy,CVD.

Treatment history

NSAID abuse since 5 years for fever and body aches.

Personal history:

Diet : Mixed 

Appetite : Decreased 

Sleep : Normal

Bowel moments :Regular

Bladder -decreased urine output 

Addictions:chronic alcoholic since 50yrs.

 Tobacco smoking since 40 years.

Family History:

Not significant 

General physical examination:

Patient is conscious ,coherent,cooperative and well oriented to time, place and person.

Moderately built and nourished.

Pallor: present

Icterus: absent

Cyanosis: absent

Clubbing: absent

Lymphadenopathy:absent

Pedal edema: present(bilateral) with discoloration of skin.








Vitals:

Temperature - 94*F

PR :- 104beats per minute 

BP :- 100/80 mm Hg

RR:- 16cycles per minute

SpO2-82%


Systemic examination:

Cardiovascular system

Inspection-

Shape of chest-Normal  

No precordial bulge.

No dialated veins,scars and discharging sinuses.

No visible pulsations.

Palpation-

 Apical beat is shifted down and out.

No parasternal heave and thrills

Auscultation-

Apex beat heard at 6th inter coastal space lateral to mid clavicular line.

 S1 diminished in intensity.

Pansystolic murmur heard at mitral area.

Respiratory system:

-Inspection:

Trachea -appears to be central

Chest appears bilaterally symmetrical ,movements are symmetrical on both sides.

elliptical in shape.

No chest wall defects.

No scars and sinuses.

-Palpation:

All the inspectory findings are confirmed.

Trachea central in position

Measurements 

AP diameter-16cms

Transverse -26cms 


Tactile vocal
Fremitus                   Right              Left

Supraclavicular          N                   N

Infraclavicular           N                    N

Mammary                   N                    N

Inframammary          N                    N

Axillary                        N                    N

Infraaxillary        Decreased bilaterally 

Suprascapular           N                    N

Infrascapular       Decreased bilaterally                  


-Percussion                Right              Left

Supraclavicular          R                   R

Infraclavicular           R                    R

Mammary                   R                    R

Inframammary          R                    R

Axillary                        R                    R

Infraaxillary               D                    D

Suprascapular           R                    R

Infrascapular             D                   D

(R-Resonant,D-Dull)

-Auscultation        Right              Left 

Supraclavicular     NVBS             NVBS

Infraclavicular       NVBS             NVBS

Mammary               NVBS             NVBS

Inframammary      NVBS              NVBS  

Axillary                    NVBS              NVBS

Infraaxillary             Crepitations  heard              

Suprascapular        NVBS              NVBS

Infrascapular           Crepitations heard               

(NVBS- Normal vesicular breath sounds)

Central Nervous system:

No focal neurological deficit.

Per Abdomen:

 soft, non tender 

Provisional diagnosis 

 Heart failure with Chronic kidney disease.

Investigations:

Liver Finction test:

Total bilirubin-1.34mg/dl

Direct bilirubin-0.30mg/dl

SGOT-43IU/L

SGPT-27IU/L

Alkaline phosphate-358IU/L

Total proteins-4.8g/dl

Albumin-2.7g/dl

A/G ratio-33

Hemogram:

Hemoglobin-9.3gm/dl

Total count-12,800 cells/m3

Neutrophils-95%

Lymphocytes-62%

Eosinophils-0%

PCV-29.7 vol%

RDW-14.2%


Renal function test:

Urea-73mg/dl

Creatinine-4.2mg/dl

Calcium-7.5mg/dl

Sodium-131mEq/L





USG

Bilateral moderate pleural effusion with collapse of underlying lobes.

Final diagnosis:

Congestive cardiac failure with bilateral pleural effusion and chronic kidney disease 2* to NSAID abuse and Hypertension.

Treatment






*Injection lasix 40 mg iv BD
*TAB nodosis 50 mg po BD
* TAB Nicardia 10 mg po BD
* TAB DYTOR 20mg po.BD
*Vitals monitoring 6th hourly.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SHORT CASE

CHIEF COMPLAINTS:

45 year old male who is a resident of Nalgonda and Sheperd  by occupation presented to the hospital with chief complaints 

• shortness of breath and  cough since 6 years, 

• abdominal distention , facial puffiness , pedal edema since 3 years




HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS 

patient was apparently asymptomatic 6 year back and then he developed shortness of breath which is insidious in onset gradually progressive which is grade 2 ( NYHA grading ) .

Then he developed cough which is intermittent ,productive with sputum which is yellow in colour and non blood stained.

There is history of abdominal distention since 3 years which is insidious in onset and gradually progressive  then he consulted a local doctor and used medications but then its not relieved and continued to progress  for which he came here .

He also has  history of  facial puffiness and pedal edema for  which he is  on medications .

History of constipation since 1 year .

No history of vomiting ,melena ,fever, jaundice , orthopnoea , PND, chest pain , palpitations , weight loss.


DAILY ROUTINE:

He wakes up in the morning by 6'o clock and goes to the work by 9'o clock  after having breakfast  and  he will have his lunch by 1 in the afternoon and continues with the work then he goes back to home by 6 pm in the evening .

PAST HISTORY:

No similar complaints in the past 

Not a known case  diabetes , hypertension , asthma, TB, epilepsy 

He has a H/o liver infection 1year ago which had got relieved with medication.


Treatment history:

Right IOL implantation in 2021


Family history:

Not relevant


Personal history:

Diet : mixed 

Appetite-normal

Sleep-inadequate 

Bowel and bladder movements-constipation since 1year,urine output is normal

Addictions-He had H/o alcohol intake since his childhood 200ml/day and abstinence of alcohol from 1year

H/o smoking since childhood  18 cigars per day

GENERAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious,coherent,cooperative and well oriented to time and place.

Moderately built and nourished

Pallor: absent

Icterus: absent

Cyanosis: absent

Clubbing: absent

Lymphadenopathy:absent

Pedal edema: B/L pedal edema is present



 

VITALS : 

Bp:130/70 mm/hg

PR:88/min

RR: 17 cpm

Temperature: afebrile 

Spo2: 96%


Systemic examination:

CVS: S1,S2 heard ,no murmurs

RS:
 Grade 2 dyspnoea,expiratory wheeze is present
Patient examined in sitting position

Inspection:-

oral cavity- Normal ,nose- normal ,pharynx-normal 
Shape of chest - funnel chest(Pectus excavation)
Chest movements : bilaterally symmetrically reduced
Trachea is central in position.

Palpation:-

All inspiratory findings are confirmed
Trachea central in position
Apical impulse in left 5th ICS, 
Chest movements bilaterally symmetrical 

Auscultation:-

BAE+,  NVBS

Abdomen:

On inspection:

Abdominal distention present
Skin over the abdomen is shiny 
Dilated vessels over the abdomen were seen 
Umbilical hernia is present (everted umbilicus)

Palpation:

Fluid thrill is absent but there is shifting of dullness
No tenderness and no palpable mass

Bowel sounds are heard

Liver and spleen are not palpable

 CNS:
No focal neurological deficits

provisional diagnosis:
ASCITES 

INVESTIGATION :

SAAG: 

Serum albumin : 2.1 g/dl 

Ascitic albumin : 0.22 g/dl

SAAG: 1.79 g/dl

Ascitic fluid protein sugar 

Sugar -166 

Protein -2.5 

Ascitic fluid amylase :20.3

Ascitic fluid for LDH : 150 

TREATMENT:

-Inj.lasix 40mg/kg/BD
-Nebduolin 8th hrly
   Budicon 12th hrly
-Monitor vitals
-Tab.Azithromycin 500mg po/OD *3days
-Tab.Montek - hc po/OD *3days

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