1801006117 CASE PRESENTATION

 long case

A 50 year old male patient farmer by occupation came to the department with


CHIEF COMPLAINTS  :


 - shortness of breath since 13 days 

  - complaints of edema in both lower limbs since 9 days 

 -Decreased urine output since 9 days


HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:


Patient is apparently asymptomatic 13 days back then he developed 

-Shortness of breath which was insidious in onset and progressed to Grade 4 ,aggrevated on lying down and  walking and relieved in sitting position.

- He also developed bilateral pedal edema ,since 9 days which is pitting in nature which is insidious in onset and it is initially Grade 1 and presently progressed  upto Grade2

-He also had decreased urine output since 9 days.

No history of chest pain,palpitations,syncope,fever, cough ,hemoptysis,burning micturition and knee pains.



PAST HISTORY:

10 years back -

   History of fall from tree 

3 years back -

  Diagnosed with Tuberculosis and Diabetis mellitus

1 year back -

  Noticed swelling in both legs and on consultation was diagnosed with Chronic kidney disease.

-Not a known case of ; Hypertension, thyroid, Asthma


TREATMENT HISTORY:

Drug history:

 -NSAIDS intermittently to relieve neck pain

 -Antitubercular therapy 

- Metformin 500mg three times a day

Past surgical history:

No  history of any surgeries in the

Past.


PERSONAL HISTORY:- 


-Patient takes mixed diet

-Appetite is normal 

-Sleep is adequate 

-Bowel - regular

-Bladder- decreased urinary output since 8 days 

-Addictions - occasionally alcohol consumption 


-Daily routine:

He is farmer by occupation and used to go to work by waking up at 6 am and breakfast at 7 am ,completes work by  afternoon ,takes rest and has dinner at 8 pm ,sleep at 10pm

He stayed at home since the  fall from tree due to low backache            


FAMILY HISTORY:- 

no significant family history 


ALLERGIC HISTORY:- 

no allergies to any kind of drugs or food items


GENERAL EXAMINATION:- 


Patient is conscious, coherent, and cooperative 

Moderately built and nourished

No pallor 

No icterus 

No cyanosis 

No clubbing

No lymphadenopathy

 -Pitting edema seen in both lower limbs














VITALS:

Temperature - Afebrile
Pulse Rate - 102 bpm
Respiratory Rate - 15cpm
Blood Pressure - 150/90mmg
Sp02 - 97% at Room air
GRBS - 203 mg/dl



SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION: 












CVS EXAMINATION


INSPECTION:
Shape of chest is normal
Jugular venous pressure is mildly raised
No precardial bulge
Apex beat is not well appreciated
No dilated veins


PALPATION
Apex Beat - Shifted to 6th intercosatl space lateral to mid clavicular line
No parasternal Heave
No thrills 


PERCUSSION:
Left border of heart- Shifted laterally
Right border of heart is normal in location

AUSCULTATION:
S1 S2 Heard and no murmurs



RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

INSPECTION: 
-Bilateral Air entry Present
-Trachea- central 
-Chest is bilaterally symmetrical 
- Movements of Chest decreased on left side
- Type of respiration- abdominothoracic


PALPATION:
-All inspectory findings confirmed by Palpation 
- Expansion of chest decreased on left side.
-Tactile vocal fremitus

                                       Right                   Left
Supra clavicular:        normal       normal
Infra clavicular:          normal       normal
Mammary:                  normal        normal   
Inframammary          normal        decreased 
Axillary:                      normal          normal
Infra axillary:             normal       decreased
Supra scapular:         normal        normal
Infra scapular:           normal        decreased  
Inter scapular:           normal         normal



PERCUSSION:
 
                                         RIGHT               LEFT         
Supra clavicular:        resonant    resonant
Infra clavicular:        resonant   resonant 
Mammary:                resonant    resonant 
Inframammary         resonant   resonant 
Axillary:                      resonant      resonant 
Infra axillary:          resonant     dullnote
Supra scapular:       resonant     resonant 
Infra scapular:           resonant       dullnote
Inter scapular:           resonant      resonant 



AUSCULTATION:

- Vocal resonance 

                                     Right.                   Left

Supra clavicular:.       Normal               Normal
Infra clavicular:          Normal           Normal
Mammary:                   Normal             Normal
Inframammary:          Normal           Normal 
Axillary:                        Normal                 Normal
Infra axillary:              Normal             decreased 
Supra scapular:           Normal                 Normal
Infra scapular:            Normal           decreased 
Inter scapular:            Normal              normal


Breath sounds             
                                        Right.                   Left

Supra clavicular:.       Normal               Normal
Infra clavicular:          Normal           Normal
Mammary:                   Normal             Normal
Inframammary:          Normal           Normal 
Axillary:                        Normal                 Normal
Infra axillary:              Normal             decreased 
Supra scapular:           Normal                 Normal
Infra scapular:            Normal           decreased 
Inter scapular:            Normal              normal 



ABDOMEN EXAMINATION:

INSPECTION 
Abdomen Shape-Normal
Umbilicus is central in position


PALPATION -
No Tenderness on  palpation.
Temperature - Afebrile
Liver is Non Tender and not palpable 
Spleen is Not palpable


 PERCUSSION: tympanic note 

AUSCULTATION Bowel Sounds Heard



 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : 

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative
Speech is normal 
No signs of meningeal irritation
Cranial nerves - intact 
Sensory system normal 
Motor system:
Tone - normal 
Bulk - normal 
Power - bilaterally 5/5 
Deep tendon reflexes 
Biceps : ++
Triceps : ++
Supinator: ++ 
Knee : ++
Ankle : ++
Superficial reflexes - normal 
Gait - normal  



PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

Heart failure with left Pleural Effusion 



INVESTIGATIONS:

CHEST XRAY




ECG




2D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Aortic Valve - Sclerotic
Moderate MR +, Moderate TR+ with PAH : Trivial Eccentric TR+
Global Hypokinetic , No AS/MS
Moderate LV Dysfunction+
Diastolic Dysfunction present


X-ray



ULTRASOUND

USG CHEST

Free fluid noted in bilateral pleural spaces (left more than right) with underlying collapse 

USG ABDOMEN 

Raised Echogenicity of both kidneys
  

Hemogram: 

Hemoglobin 11.7 gm/dl

Total count    9,000 cells/cumm

Neutrophils. 74 

Lymphocytes 20

Eosinophils 2

Monocytes 4

Basophils 0

Pcv. 36.5 vol

Mcv. 82.8 fl

RDW- CV 19.1 %

RBC COUNT:. 4.4 million/cu/mm





LIVER FUNCTION TEST
Total Bilirubin - 0.9 mg/dl
Direct Bilirubin - 0.1 mg/dl
Indirect Bilirubin - 0.8 mg/dl
Alkaline Phosphatase - 221 u/l
AST - 40 u/l
ALT - 81 u/l
Protein Total - 6.8g/dl
Albumin - 4.2 g/dl
Globulin - 2.6 g/dl
Albumin:Globulin Ratio - 1.6


Renal Function Test
Urea - 64 
Creatinine - 4.3
Na+   - 138
K+      - 3.4
Cl-       - 104
Spot urine Protein - 34
Spot urine creatinine - 14.8
Spot Urine : Creatinine Ratio - 2.29



Fasting Blood Sugar - 93mg/dl
PLBS - 152 mg/dl
HbA1c  - 6.5%


ABG :
pH : 7.3
pCO2 - 28.0
pO2 - 77.4
HCO3-.13.5
Spo2-94.7


DIAGNOSIS:


HEART FAILURE WITH reduced  EJECTION FRACTION

AND BILATERAL PLEURAL EFFUSION 

WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY ON CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (SECONDARY TO DIABETES/NSAID INDUCED)

WITH K/C/O DM II and TUBERCULOSIS SINCE 3 YEARS.



TREATMENT

1)Fluid Restriction less than 1.5 Lit/day
2) Salt restriction less than 1.2gm/day
3) INJ. Lasix 40mg IV / BD
4) TAB MET XL 25 mg 
5) TAB. CINOD 5 MG PO/OD(IF SBP MORE THAN 110 MM HG)
6. INJ. HUMAN ACTRAPID INSULIN SC/TID (ACCORDING TO SLIDING SCALE)
7. INJ. PAN 40 MG IV/OD
8. INJ. ZOFER 4 MG IV/SOS
 9. Vitals Monitoring 
10  TAB. ECOSPRIN AV 75/10 MG PO/OD


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case

55 years old male who was a daily wage labourer came to medicine opd with chief complaints;

Shortness of breath since 7 days 

Decreased urinary output since 7 days


HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:


Patient was apparently asymptomatic 7 days back then he developed shortness of breathwhich was incidious in onset and progressed from grade 2 to grade 4 agrevating on lying down position asociated with orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea


 History of decrease urine output since 7 days 

No history of chest pain , sweating, syncope , palpitations.

No history of burning micturition, fever.

No history of cough, hemoptysis 

PAST HISTORY :

History of pedal edema on and off since one year confined to ankles 

Known case of hypertension

Not a known case of diabetes, asthma , epilepsy, Tuberculosis , CAD.

No Similar complaints in the past.


Treatment history


Drug history: 

Tab TELMISARTAN 40mg OD since 1 year

NSAIDS : taken since 4 years occasionally but from past 2 years taken almost daily for his leg pains 


Past surgical history 

No past surgical history 


FAMILY HISTORY :

No significant family history 


PERSONAL HISTORY : 

  DAILY ROUTINE :

He wakes up around 5 am in the morning and does his household chores , goes to work for 5 to 6 hrs and returns back home around lunch time 1pm and take rest for the day. He will have his dinner around 7 30 pm and goes to sleep at 9 pm. He now has stopped his daily work since a year.

Appetite - Normal

Diet - Mixed

Sleep - adequate 

Bowel habits - regular 

Bladder habits - decreased 


Addictions - history of smoking (beedi 4 per day since he was 20 years old ), history of alcohol consumption (since 30 yrs and occasionally whisky 90 ml each time since past one year ). 








GENERAL EXAMINATION :

(Consent was taken)

Patient is conscious, coherent and cooperative.

Moderately built and moderately nourished.

Pallor - present

Icterus - absent 

Cyanosis - absent 

Clubbing- absent 

Lymphadenopathy- absent 

Edema - bilateral lower limb edema , pitting type , seen in ankle region.






VITALS :


Temperature - Afebrile (98.6F)

Pulse rate - 78 bpm

Blood pressure - 130/80 mm Hg

Respiratory rate - 17 cycles per minute 

SpO2 - 95%

















SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION :


CARDIOVASCULAR SYSYTEM:

INSPECTION:

Shape of chest - Normal

Mild raise of JVP

No Precordial bulge

No visible pulsations

Apex beat - not well appreciated on inspection


PALPATION :

Apical impulse -  Shifted to 6th Intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line.

No Parasternal heave and  thrills


PERCUSSION:

Left Heart border-shifted laterally 

Right Heart border- retrosternally


AUSCULTATION :

S1 , S2 heard ,no murmurs


RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

INSPECTION :

Trachea - midline

Shape of chest - elliptical 

Chest is bilaterally symmetrical and elliptical 

Bilateral airway entry Present

Movements of Chest is symmetrical on both sides

Type of respiration- abdomino thoracic

No chest wall defects

Presence of a healing, crusted ulcer on the right hemithorax medial to nipple.

No sinuses / scars


PALPATION :


all inspectory findings are confirmed by Palpation 

Trachea -central

Chest expansion - symmetrical 

Chest circumference - 34 cms

No Tenderness over the chest

TACTILE VOCAL FREMITUS:

                                Right       Left

Supraclavicular     N         N

Infraclavicular       N           N

Mammary               N            N

Inframammary      N           N

Axillary                    N           N

Infra axillary           N            N

Supra scapular       N            N

Infra scapular         N            N

Inter scapular         N              N


PERCUSSION: dull note in Right and left infrascapular and Infraaxillary areas


AUSCULTATION:

Vocal resonance 

                                                   Left        Right

Supraclavicular   N              N

Infraclavicular     N.            N

Mammary              N              N

Inframmamry   .   N             N

Axillary                  N             N

Infraaxillary          N             N

Suprascapular       N            N

Infrascapular        N              N

Interscapular        N               N


Breath sounds - Crepitations heard in right and left Infraaxillary and infrascapular areas




PERABDOMINAL EXAMINATION

INSPECTION 

Shape of abdomen - Normal

Umbilicus is central in position

No Scars and Sinuses 


PALPATION -

No Tenderness on superficial palpation.

Temperature - Afebrile

Liver is Non Tender and not palpable 

Spleen is Not palpable


 PERCUSSION:Tympanic note heard.


AUSCULTATION:Bowel Sounds Heard    



    CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 


Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative

Speech is normal 

No signs of meningeal irritation

Cranial nerves - intact 

Sensory system normal 

Motor system:

Tone - normal 

Bulk - normal 

Power bilaterally-5/5

Deep tendon reflexes 

Biceps : ++

Triceps : ++

Supinator: ++ 

Knee : ++

Ankle : ++

Superficial reflexes - normal 

Gait - normal  


PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS :

 Heart failure  with known case of  hypertension.


INVESTIGATIONS:


HEMOGRAM:

Hemoglobin - 7.7 gm/dl

Total count - 14,100 cells/cumm

Lymphocytes - 16%

PCV - 23.1 vol%

SMEAR :

  RBC - Normocytic normochromic

  WBC - increased count (neutrophilic leucocytosis)

  Platelets - adequate


KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST:

Serum creatinine - 4.0 mg/dl

Blood urea - 95mg/dl


ABG :

  PH 7.43

  Pco2 - 31.6 mmHg

  Po2 - 64.0 mmHg

  HCO3 - 21.1 mmol/l


Urine examination :

  albumin ++

  sugar nil

  pus cells 2-3

  epithelial cells 2-3

  Red blood cells 4-5

Random blood sugar - 124 mg/dl


CHEST X RAY :




Electrocardiogram :

2D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY:



FINAL DIAGNOSIS:
 

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
CKD ? secondary to NSAID abuse (Analgesic nephropathy)
Known case of HTN  .





 TREATMENT :


Inj. Thiamine 100mg in 50 ml NS TID

Inj. LASIX 40mg IV BD

Inj. Erythropoietin 4000IU SC Once weekly

Inj. PAN 40 mg IV OD

Tab. Nicardia Retard 10mg RT BD

Tab. Metoprolol 12.5mg RT OD

Hemodialysis

Intermittent CPAP

Allow sips of oral fluid 

Monitor vitals.

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