1801006124 CASE PRESENTATION
long case
A 57 year old male, resident of Nakrekal, mason by occupation came to hospital with chief complaints of
shortness of breath since 1 week
Decreased urine output since 1 week
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
patient was apparently asymptomatic 1 week back then he had shortness of breath while walking upstairs and walking at normal pace (grade 2) which gradually progressed to shortness of breath at rest in last 1 week ( grade 4). Shortness of breath aggravate by doing work and on lying horizontally on bed. Relieved by taking rest in reclined position
There is history of gradual decreased urine output since 1 week which is not associated with increased frequency, urgency or incontinence
No H/O fever, chronic cough, weight loss, hemoptysis, sputum
No H/O chest pain, sweating, palpitations, syncope
No H/O burning micturition, difficulty in micturition
PAST HISTORY
No similar complaints in past
History of pedal edema on and off since 1 year, present upto level of ankle
He is a known case of hypertension since 1 year and he takes telmesartan 40mg every day morning after breakfast
No H/O diabetes, asthma, tuberculosis, epilepsy
PERSONAL HISTORY
diet: mixed
Appetite: normal
Sleep: adequate
Bowel and bladder: regular
Addictions: he used to drink 90 ml alcohol and smoke 5 to 6 BD’s regularly since last 30 to 35 years. Since last 1 year he only drink and smoke occationally
FAMILY HISTORY
No similar complaints in family
TREATMENT HISTORY
Since last 4 years he is taking analgesics for knee pains. He took them occasionally in the beginning , but since last 2 years he took them daily or on alternate days.
Since last 1 year he is taking telmesartan 40 mg every day morning for hypertension
GENERAL EXAMINATION
pallor -ve
Icterus -ve
Clubbing -ve
Cyanosis -ve
Lymphadenopathy -ve
Generalised edema -ve
VITALS
Temperature: afebrile
Pulse rate: 90 bpm
Respiratory rate: 18 cpm
Blood pressure: 130/80 mm hg
GRBS : 124 mg/dl
SpO2 : 92 %
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION
Respiratory system
Inspection:
Upper respiratory tract: no halitosis, oral thrush, tonsillitis, deviated nasal septum, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyp
Lower respiratory tract:
chest is bilaterally symmetrical
Trachea is in midline
Moving symmetrically with inspiration and expiration
No drooping of shoulders, supraclavicular and infraclavicular hollowing, intercostal fullness, retractions, indrawings, crowding of ribs
There is a scar of approximately 2 to 3 cm on the right side of front of the chest. Similarly — Lesions are present on the back of the chest
Palpation:
Trachea is central on palpation
No intercostal widening/crowding, subcutaneous emphysema, intercostal tenderness
Apical impulse is felt in 6th intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line
Chest movements are bilaterally symmetrical
Chest measurements:
Tactile vocal fremitus Right Left
Supraclavicular Resonant Resonant
Infraclavicular Resonant Resonant
Mammary Resonant Resonant
Inframammary Resonant Resonant
Axillary. Resonant Resonant
Infraaxillary Resonant Resonant
Suprascapular Resonant Resonant
Infrascapular Resonant Resonant
Interscapular Resonant Resonant
No local rise in temperature and no tenderness
Percussion:
Right left
Supraclavicular Resonant Resonant
Infraclavicular Resonant Resonant
Mammary Resonant Resonant
Inframammary Resonant Resonant
Axillary. Resonant Resonant
Infraaxillary Resonant Resonant
Suprascapular Resonant Resonant
Infrascapular Resonant Resonant
Interscapular Resonant Resonant
No percussion tenderness
Auscultation:
Normal vesicular breath sounds are heard
Crepts are heard in right and left infra axillary and infrascapular areas
Wheeze is audible in right and left inframammary area
CVS
Inspection:
Chest wall is normal in shape and is bilaterally symmetrical
Apex beat appears to be present at 6th intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line
No precordial bulge, kyphoscoliosis
No visible veins and sinuses
Palpation:
Apical impulse is felt at 6th intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line
All peripheral pulses are felt and compared with opposite side
No parasternal heaves, precordial thrills
Percussion:
Left heart border is shifted laterally, and right heart border is present retrosternally
Auscultation:
Mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic and Erb’s area auscultated
S1 S2 are heard, no abnormal heart sounds
CNS
Higher mental functions are intact
Cranial nerve functions are intact on right and left sides
Motor system: bulk and tone are normal
Power is 4/5 in all 4 limbs
Deep tendon reflexes are present and normal
Superficial reflexes are present and normal
No involuntary movements
No signs of cerebellum dysfunction
No neck stiffness, kernigs and Brudzinski’s signs are negative
ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION
Inspection:
Abdomen is flat and flanks are free
Umbilicus is inverted
No visible scars, sinuses, dilated veins, visible pulsation
Hernial orifices are normal
Palpation:
No local rise of temperature
No tenderness and enlargement of Liver, spleen, kidney
Percussion:
No fluid thrill
Liver span is normal, no spleenomegaly
Auscultation:
Bowel sounds are heard
Provisional diagnosis: heart failure with hypertension
INVESTIGATIONS
16/03/23
Hemoglobin: 8.1Gm/dl
Total count: 12680 cells/Cumm
Neutrophils: 74%
Lymphocytes: 12%
Eosinophils: 00%
Monocytes: 14%
Basophils: 00%
PCV: 25 vol%
MCV: 89.6fl
MCH: 23.0pg
MCHC: 32.4%
RBC count: 2.79 million/cumm
Platelet count: 2.16 lakhs/cumm
Smear: normocytic normochromic, no hemoparasites
RFT 16/03/23
Urea: 118 mg/dl
Creatinine: 5.3 mg/dl
Potassium: 3.2 mEq/l
Uric acid: 7.6 mg/dl
Calcium: 10 mg/dl
Phosphorus: 6.9 mg/dl
Sodium: 143 mEq/dl
Chloride: 98 mEq/dl
LFT: 13/03/23
Total bilirubin: 0.77 mg/dl
Direct bilirubin: 0.20 mg/dl
AST: 24 IU/L
ALT: 11 IU/L
ALP: 312 IU/L
Total protein: 6.2 Gm/dl
Albumin: 3.04 Gm/dl
A/G ratio: 0.96
ABG 17/03/23
Ph: 7.43
PCO2: 31.6 mm Hg
PO2: 64 mmHg
HCO3: 21.1 mol/L
Serology: negative for HIV & HbsAg
Ultrasound
Right kidney: 7.5*4.5 cm
Left kidney: 7.5*4.2 cm
Both kidneys: decreased size and increased echogenicity.
Corticomedullary differentiation is lost
DIAGNOSIS
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Chronic kidney disease on maintenance dialysis
TREATMENT
Inj. Thiamine 100mg IV/TID
Inj. Lasix 40 mg/IV/BD
Inj. Erythropoietin 4000 IU/SC/ once weekly
Inj, PAN 40mg/IV/OD
Tab. Nicardia retard 10 mg/RT/BD
Tab. Metoprolol 12.5 mg/RT/OD
Tab. Nodosis 500 mg/RT/BD
Nebulisation with duolin 8th hrly & budecort 12th hrly
Intermittent CPAP
regular monitoring of vitals
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
short case
A 70 year old male patient, resident of Nalgonda came. To hospital with chief complaints of
Bilateral pedal edema since 6 months
Shortness of breath since 1 week
History of presenting illness
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 6 months back, then he developed bilateral pedal edema which was on and off. Pedal edema was pitting type and was initially up to ankle but gradually progressed up to the knee when he presented to hospital.
He developed shortness of breath which was initially present on doing some work or climbing up stairs. But since last 1 week he has shortness of breath on doing daily activities .
No H/O fever, cough, loss of weight.
Past history
No similar complaints in past
No H/O diabetics, asthma, tuberculosis, coronary artery disease, epilepsy
He is known case of hypertension since 10 years
Personal history
Diet: mixed
Appetite: decreased
Sleep: adequate
Bowel and bladder: decreased urine output
Addictions: alcohol since 30 years
Smoking tobacco since 30 years
Family history
No similar complaints in family
Treatment history
Uses telmesartan 40mg every morning since 10 years
Uses NSAIDS for joint pains, for 3 to 4 times a week
General examination
Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative, moderately built and nourished.
Pallor - absent
Icterus - absent
Clubbing - absent
Cyanosis - absent
Lymphadenopathy - absent
Edema - bilateral pedal edema up to knee which is of pitting type
Vitals
Temperature: 97 F
Respiratory rate: 18 cpm
Pulse rate: 97 bpm
Blood pressure: 110/80
Systemic examination
Respiratory system
Inspection:
Trachea appears central
No visible scars, sinuses, engorged veins
Chest is bilaterally symmetrical and moves symmetrically which inspiration
Palpation:
Inspectory findings are confirmed on palpation
No local rise in temperature and no tenderness
Percussion:
Dull note is heard on percussion in infra auxiliary and infrascapular area
All other areas are resonant on percussion
Auscultation:
Decreased breath sounds in infra auxiliary and infrascapular regions
Bilateral air entry is present
Normal vesicular breath sounds are heard
CNS
No focal neurological deficits are present
CVS
S1 S2 heard, no murmurs
Abdomen
Abdomen is soft and non tender
No organomegaly is felt on palpation
Provisional diagnosis
Bilateral pleural effusion
Investigations
LFT
Total Bilirubin: 1.3 mg/dl
Direct bilirubin: 0.3 mg/dl
AST: 43 IU/dl
ALT: 27IU/dl
ALP: 358 IU/dl
Total protein: 4.8 Gm/dl
Albumin: 2.7 Gm/dl
A/G ratio: 1.33
RFT
urea: 73 mg/dl
Creatinine: 4.2 mg/dl
Uric acid: 4.0 mg/dl
Calcium: 7.5 mg/dl
Phosphorus: 3.4 mg/dl
Potassium: 3.7 mEq/dl
Sodium: 131 mEq/dl
Chloride: 99 mEq/dl
Hemogram
Hemoglobin: 9.3 Gm/dl
Total count: 12800 cells/cumm
Neutrophils: 95 %
Lymphocytes: 02 %
Eosinophils: 00 %
Monocytes: 03 %
Basophils: 00 %
PCV: 28.7 vol%
MCV: 92.3 FL
MCH: 29.9 pg
MCHC: 32.4 %
Diagnosis
Bilateral pleural effusion with chronic renal failure
Treatment
Inj, lasix 40 mg/IV/bd
Tab, nodosis 50 mg/po/BD
Tab, shelcal 50 mg/po/BD
Tab, nicardia 10 mg/po/BD
Cap, bio D3 weekly once
Tab, dytor 20 mg/po/BD
Monitor vitals every 6th hrly
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