1801006138 CASE PRESENTATION

 long case

 77 year old male daily wage laborer by occupation resident of narayanapuram came to opd with chief complaints of 
     -abdominal distension since 3 days  
         

History of presenting illness:-
Patient was apparently a symptomatic until 3 days ago then he had complaints of sudden onset of abdominal distention accompined with twisting type of pain; Dyspnea, constipation decreased urine output, painful defecation aggravated after having food
                No complaints of fever headache giddiness
               No complaints of bilateral pedal edema
               No complaints of burning micturition
Past illness:-
 History of analgesic abuse for knee pain
  History of empyema 15years ago


PERSONAL HISTORY: -
Diet - mixed
Appetite- normal
Sleep - normal
Bowel - regular
Bladder - decreased output and burning micturition
Allergies- none
Addictions- Beedi 4/ day
 Toddy/ every 3 days
FAMILY HISTORY:Not significant 
GENERAL EXAMINATION: 
Patient is conscious, coherent and co-operative.
Examined in a well lit room.
Moderately built and nourished 




Vitals 
   Temperature:-afebrile 
   Respiratory rate:- 16cpm
   Pulse rate :-74bpm
     BP:- 120/80mm Hg
   
Systemic examination
 Cardiovascular system :-
INSPECTION:
Chest wall - bilaterally symmetrical
No dilated veins, scars, sinuses
Apical impulse and pulsations cannot be appreciated
PALPATION:
Apical impulse is felt on the left 5th intercoastal space 2cm away from the midline.
No parasternal heave, thrills felt.
PERCUSSION:
Right and left heart borders percussed.
AUSCULTATION:
S1 and S2 heard , no added thrills and murmurs heard.
  Respiratory system 
INSPECTION:
Chest is bilaterally symmetrical
Trachea – midline in position.
Apical Impulse is not appreciated 
 Chest is moving normally with respiration.
No dilated veins, scars, sinuses.

PALPATION:
Trachea – midline in position.
Apical impulse is felt on the left 5th intercoastal space.
Chest is moving equally on respiration on both sides
Tactile Vocal fremitus - appreciated 

PERCUSSION:
The following areas were percussed on either sides- 
Supraclavicular
Infraclavicular
Mammary
Axillary
Infraaxillary
Suprascapular
Infrascapular
Upper/mid/lower interscapular were all RESONANT.

AUSCULTATION:
Normal vesicular breath sounds heard 
No adventitious sounds heard
  Abdominal examination:- 
  Inspection:-
   Shape of abdomen:-distended
   Umblicus:- normal 
   Movements of abdominal wall :- moves with respiration
   Skin is smooth and shiny 
    
No scars sinuses
 distended veins :- present

Palpation:- 
    Local rise of temperature present
     Tenderness present in RT hypochondriac region 
    Tense abdomen 
     Guarding absent 
      Rigidity absent 
      Fluid thrill absent 
      Liver not felt 
      Spleen not felt
      Kidney not felt
      Lymph nodes not palpable 

     
Percussion:- 
     Liverspan :- not detectable 
     Fluid thrill:-not felt
    Shifting dullness:- present 
     Tympanic note is heard on midline and dull note is heard on flanks in supine position 
Auscultation:-
     Bowel sounds are decreased 

CNS examination:- No neurological deficits seen 

Provisional diagnosis :-
Ascites under evaluation 

Investigations:-
Serology:-
                  Hiv-negative 
                  Hcv- negative
                  HBsAg- negative

Outside USG:-
1. Liver altered parenchymal ecotextur
2. Cholecystitis
3. Bilateral grade 2 rpd changes with renal cortical cysts 
4. Moderate ascites





Treatment :-

          
          1.T dolo650mg/po/tid
          2.therapeutic ascitic tap was done 
          


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case


30  year old female came to the op with
*Chief complaints of:-
•Bilateral joint pains in upper and lower limbs(knees, hip, ankle, shoulder, elbow, wrist, including small joints) since 10 months. 

•Itchy lesions over the face,upper aspect of the chest, neck and back of the neck and upper trunk with dark coloured lesions over the knuckles since 10 months.

 •Generalised weakness since 10 months - Inability to comb the hair, difficulty in walking and inability to sit down. 


History Of present illness:-

•Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 months back after which she developed bilateral symmetrical multiple joint pains involving all joints and it's severe in the knees which was insidious in onset, gradually progressive, aggravated on walking and relieved on medication i.e.tab.HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE 200 mg
•Associated with morning stiffness. 
•Around the same time she developed itching over neck and upper chest area.The area was initially red and turned black due to itching.
•H/o Dark coloured skin lesions over the knuckles since 10 months
•H/o photosensitivity present (Itching increases on sun exposure) 
•H/o Alopecia since 10 months. It was gradually progressive leading to severe hair loss over the past 10 months. Associated with thinning of hair.
•H/o bilateral pitting type of pedal Edema and Edema over the dorsal aspect of hands.
•H/o generalised weakness since 10 months. 
•H/o Dfficulty in walking and difficulty to sit down. 
•H/o distal muscle weakness manifested in the form of : difficulty in mixing food, eating with hands, dressing and undressing, combing of hair.
•H/o proximal muscle weakness manifested in the form of : difficulty in getting up from squatting position, getting objects present at a height.
•H/o weight loss of 4-5 kgs over the last 10 months.
•H/o vaginal discharge since 7-8 months. It was initially curdy white discharge which later changed to watery discharge. Associated with itching.
•H/o Genital ulcers on and off since 7 months.
•Dyspnea on exertion (NYHA- 3),gradually progressive since 4-5 months.
•No h/o fever, cold, cough.

Past History:-
 •No similar complaints in the past. 
 •Not a k/c/o DM, HTN,TB, epilepsy, Asthma, CAD.

*Menstrual History:-
 •Age of menarche:-11 years
 •Duration of cycle :- 3/28 days 
 •Regular cycle with no pains and no clots.

*Marital History:-
 •Age at marriage:19years
 •Non consanguinous marriage

*Personal History:-
       •Diet- Mixed 
       •Appetite- Decreased 
       •Sleep- Inadequate since 10 months
       •Bowel and bladder habits- Regular
       •No addictions
       •No known drug allergies 
Family History:-  •Not significant
*General Examination:-
         •Patient is conscious, coherent and cooperative.Well Oriented to time, place and person.
 •She is moderately built and moderately nourished.
 •Pallor- Present
  •Icterus-Absent
  •cyanosis-Absent
  •clubbing-Absent
  •lymphadenopathy-Absent
  •Pedal Edema- Present
 

On Examination:-
•Diffuse mottled erythematous hyperpigmentation (Heliotrope rash) noted on B/L cheeks, nose(bridge) involving nasolabial folds, ears, neck extending onto upper chest and back forming a ‘V’ on anterior chest (Shawl sign) and (V sign). 


Single erythematous macule noted over the right loin (Holseir sign).
Pigmentation of B/L extensor surfaces of PIP and DIP noted (Gottron's papules)


•Mottled erythematous lesions on the palms

Vitals:-

•Temperature- Afebrile
•BP- 130/80 mm Hg
•PR- 102 bpm
•RR- 14 cpm
•SpO2- 99% @ RA

Systemic Examination:-

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION.

HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:
 Patient is Conscious, well oriented to time, place and person.

All cranial nerves - intact

Motor system
                           Right. Left
BULK 
Upper limbs.         N. N
Lower limbs.         N. N
TONE
 Upper limbs.        N. N
 Lower limbs.        N. N
POWER
 Upper limbs.       5/5. 5/5
 Lower limbs        5/5. 5/5
Superficial reflexes and deep reflexes are present , normal
Gait is normal
No involuntary movements

Sensory system - all sensations ( pain, touch, temperature, position) are well appreciated

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

INSPECTION:
Chest wall - bilaterally symmetrical
No dilated veins, scars, sinuses

PALPATION:
Apical impulse is felt on the left 5th intercoastal space 2cm away from the midline.
No parasternal heave, thrills felt.

PERCUSSION:
Right and left heart borders percussed.

AUSCULTATION:
S1 and S2 heard , no added thrills and murmurs heard.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:-
INSPECTION:
Chest is bilaterally symmetrical
Trachea – midline in position.
 Chest is moving normally with respiration.
No dilated veins, scars, sinuses.

PALPATION:
Trachea – midline in position.
Apical impulse is felt on the left 5th intercoastal space.
Chest is moving equally on respiration on both sides
Tactile Vocal fremitus - appreciated 

PERCUSSION:
The following areas were percussed on either sides- 
Supraclavicular
Infraclavicular
Mammary
Axillary
Infraaxillary
Suprascapular
Infrascapular
Upper/mid/lower interscapular were all resonant 
AUSCULTATION:
Normal vesicular breath sounds heard 
No adventitious sounds heard

ABDOMEN EXAMINATION

INSPECTION:
Shape – normal 
Flanks – free
Umbilicus –central in position , inverted.
All quadrants of abdomen are moving with respiration.
No dilated veins, hernial orifices , sinuses
No visible pulsations

PALPATION:
Soft, non tender
Spleen liver kidney not palpable

PERCUSSION:
There is no fluid thrill , shifting dullness

AUSCULTATION:Bowel sounds are heard

Provisional diagnosis:-
Dermatomyositis with vaginal candidiasis 


Investigations:-
Haemogram 
Hb-10.6
Tlc-3500
Neutrophils-68
Lymphocytes-20
Eosinophils-2
Basophils-0
Monocytes -10
Pcv-32
Mcv-80.8
Mch-26.8
Mchc-33.1
Platelet count-1.73
Impression:-Normocytic normochromic anemia with mild leucopenia 
Complete urine :---
Colour-pale yellow 
Appearance-clear
Reaction-acidic
Sp gravity-1.010
Albumin-nil
Sugar-nil
Bilepigments-nil
Bile salts-nil
Pus cells -2-4
Epithelial cells-1-2
Others-nil
Serum creatinine
Serum creatinine -0.6
Random blood sugar 
Rbs:-118mg/dl
Serum electrolytes
Sodium -139
Potassium -3.9
Chlorine-102
Esr -70
Esr is elevated
Serology- negative 
RA- negative 
Crp- negative



Treatment:-
1.Tab.Fluconazole 150mg/PO/stat
2.Candid cream L/A
3.Tab pan 40 mg PO/OD
4.Tab Ultracet 1/2 tab/PO/Q.I.D
5.Syrup.Grilinctus BM 10ml/PO/T.I.D
6.Syrup.Mucaine Gel 10ml/PO/T.I.D

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