1801006146 CASE PRESENTATION

 long case

CHIEF COMPLAINTS:

A 56 y/o female from Chityala, lemon seller by occupation, presented with chief complaints of:

→ Fever since 10 days

→ Abdominal pain since 7 days

→ Shortness of breath since 7 days


HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 days ago, then she developed fever which was of insidious onset, low grade, intermittent type, associated with chills and rigours, with no aggravating factors, and relieved on medication. 

She also complains of cough with scanty white sputum for the first 2 days. 

She had decreased urine output since 10 days. 

She complains of abdominal pain since 7 days, situated in the right hypochondrium, which was mild during the 1st and 2nd day, and increased on the 3rd day. It is of pricking type, non-radiating, no aggravating factors and is relieved on medication. 

She complains of shortness of breath since 7 days, which was insidious in onset, grade II; not associated with orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

She complains of vomiting on the day of admission (13.03.2023), which was non-bilious, non-projectile, non foul smelling, non blood stained, and watery in consistency. She had an episode of vomiting before admission and one after admission.


PAST HISTORY:

3 moths ago: she developed itching over her left leg after which she slowly developed a swelling on the same leg, upto the knee. She went to a local hospital and was given intramuscular injection in her left gluteal region. The swelling subsided within 10 days and the injection site hardened. Later, she was given 2 injections at the same site for fever and abdominal pain. It gradually progressed in size and she was confined to bed due to pain. It developed into an abscess.

20 days ago: she developed fever, nausea, loss of appetite, and generalised weakness for which she went to a local RMP who gave her medication which relieved her symptoms. 

18 days ago: she had abdominal pain for which she went to a local hospital and was diagnosed with acute kidney injury. 

She is a known case of hypertension since 1 year and is taking Telma 40 mg. 

No h/o diabetes, coronary artery disease, tuberculosis, asthma, epilepsy, thyroid disease. 


PERSONAL HISTORY:

Diet: mixed

Appetite: decreased

Sleep: adequate

Bowel movements: regular

Bladder movements: decreased 

Addictions: toddy occasionally since 15 years; alcohol everyday since 6 years 

Allergies: none


FAMILY HISTORY:

No similar complaints in the family. 


GENERAL EXAMINATION:

Patient was conscious, coherent, cooperative, moderately built and nourished, well oriented to time, place and person. 

Pallor: present 



Icterus: absent

Cyanosis: absent

Clubbing: absent

Lymphadenopathy: absent

Pedal edema: present



Vitals:

Temperature: afebrile

Pulse rate: 74 bpm

Respiratory rate: 18 cpm

Blood pressure: 130/80 mm Hg


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

The patient was examined after consent was taken. 


ABDOMEN:

Inspection: 

Shape: round, slightly distended

Flanks: full

Umbilicus: inverted

No scars, no sinuses ,no dilated veins 

Striae present 

All quadrants moving equally with respiration 

Right hypochondrial bulge seen





Palpation:

No local rise of temperature 

Tenderness present in the right hypochondriac region

Liver: enlarged, surface smooth, rounded edges, firm in consistency, tender

No splenomegaly


Percussion:

Liver span of 14 cm, 4cm below the costal margin

Fluid thrill and shifting dullness absent


Auscultation:

Bowel sounds heard

No bruit heard


LOCAL EXAMINATION OF LEFT GLUTEAL REGION:

Wound size of 4×5 cm in left buttock, necrotic patch seen, induration seen, necrotic patch removed, abscess drained. 

On inspection: 4×5 cm, margins are well defined ,edges are sloping and floor has slough and granulation tissue. 



CVS examination:

S1, S2 heard; no murmurs


Respiratory system examination:

Inspection: 

Shape of the chest : elliptical, b/l  symmetrical 

Both sides move equally with respiration 

No scars, sinuses, engorged veins, pulsations


Palpation: 

Trachea: central

Expansion of chest: symmetrical


Auscultation:

B/l air entry present

Normal vesicular breath sounds heard


CNS examination:

No neurological deficits


INVESTIGATIONS:

→ USG abdomen:

Findings: 5 mm calculus noted in gall bladder with GB sludge

Impression: cholelithiasis with GB sludge

Grade 2 fatty liver with hepatomegaly 





→ Renal function tests:

15.03.2023:

Test

Result

Blood urea

64 mg/dL

Serum creatinine

1.6 mg/dL

Serum Na

125 mEq/L

Serum K

3.0 mEq/L

Serum Cl

88 mEq/L


16.03.2023: 

Test

Result

Blood urea

70 mg/dL

Serum creatinine

1.1 mg/dL

Serum Na

132 mEq/L

Serum K

3.2 mEq/L

Serum Cl

98 mEq/L


17.03.2023: 

Test

Result

Blood urea

60 mg/dL

Serum creatinine

1.1 mg/dL

Serum Na

133 mEq/L

Serum K

3.6 mEq/L

Serum Cl

99 mEq/L



→ Complete urine examination:

Colour: pale yellow

Appearance- clear

Specific gravity: 1.010

Albumin: trace

Pus cells: 2 - 4/hpf

Epithelial cells: 2 - 3/hpf

Sugar: nil


→ X-ray abdomen:



→ Hemogram:

Test

Result

Hemoglobin

9.6 g/dL

Total count

15500 cells/cu mm

Neutrophils

75%

PCV

29.6 vol%

RBC count

3.1 million/cu mm


→ Liver function tests

Test

Result

Total bilirubin

2.6 mg/dL

Direct bilirubin

1.1 mg/dL

Indirect bilirubin

1.5 mg/dL

Alkaline phosphatase

193 IU 

AST

37 IU

ALT

21 IU

Total protein

7 g/dL

Albumin

4.3 g/dL

Globulin

2.7 g/dL

A:G ratio

1.6



PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

Acute cholecystitis with hepatomegaly

Acute kidney injury

Gluteal abscess 


TREATMENT:

→ Liquid diet

→ Inj. PAN 40 mg i.v./OD

→ Inj. PIPTAZ 2.25 mg/i.v./TID

→ Inj. METROGYL 500 mg/i.v./TID

→ Inj. Zofer 4 mg i.v./SOS

→ Inj. NEOMOL 1 gm i.v./SOS

→ T. Paracetamol 650 mg p.o./TID

→ T. CINOD 10 mg p.o./OD 

→ I.v. fluids 1 unit NS, RL, DNS 100 ml/hr

→ Inj. Buscopan 10 mg OD

→ Pneumatic compressor bed

→ 2-hourly change in position


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case


A 25 YEAR OLD FEMALE WITH FEVER AND HEADACHE 
Date of admission : 7-2-23

25/M painter by occupation who was apparently asymptomatic 9 years back,
Patient c/o blurring of vision for which he went to local hospital used medication but his blurring of vision(Rt>>Lt) wasn't subsided 
In 2014 patient c/o severe weight loss approximately 10-12 kgs over a duration of 2 months. And having increased apetite, increased frequency of urination with these complaints he went to Local hospital and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and since then he was started on Mixtard insulin 28U -x - 24U and since then he is on regular follow up.. His fbs used to be around 200-250 and ppbs around 250-300
Last HbA1c was 11.2 on feb 3rd 
Now since 1 week patient came with c/o fever high grade associated with chills and rigors, Nausea, Vomitings , constipation
And c/o neck pain
No c/o chest pain palpitations , syncopal attacks 
No meningeal signs 

At presentation his grbs is 234  mg/dl with urine for ketones ++ 

Outside 24hr urine proteins 3920mg/day 

On presentation his vitals are 
Afebrile 
BP - 110/80 mmhg
PR - 86bpm
Spo2 - 100 at RA
CVS - S1S2+
RS - normal vesicular breath sounds heard 

On HAI infusion according to Algorithm 1

 
Not a k/c/o HTN / Asthma / CAV / CAD

Personal history :
Sleep: adequate 
Appetite: normal 
Diet: mixed
Bowel and bladder movements: normal 
Addictions: none 

Family history : 
No similar complaints in family 

General examination :
Patient Is conscious, coherent, cooperative moderately built and well nourished 
pallor - Absent 
icterus - Absent
clubbing - Absent
cyanosis - Absent
lymphadenopathy  - Absent
Edema  - Absent

Vitals:
TEMP-96.5 F
PR-82/MIN
RR-14/MIN
BP-110/70MMHG
SPO2-99% AT ROOM AIR
GRBS-197MG%. 

Systemic examination :
CVS - S1S2 present, no murmur
RS - Bilateral air entry present, trachea central in position 
CNS - Higher mental functions intact 
P/A - Soft, non tender

Clinical images with investigations:

    ECG DONE ON 8-2-23 
   ECG DONE ON PRESENTATION 8-2-23
    REPEAT ECG 8-2-23
    USG ABDOMEN DONE ON 8-2-23
    2D ECHO DONE ON 8-2-23
    BLOOD AND URINE INVESTIGATIONS 


Diagnosis :
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS(RESOLVED) WITH OLD INFERIOR WALL MI WITH K/C/O TYPE I DM SINCE 9YRS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY 
 

Treatment :
* IV FLUIDS NS@75ML/HR
 5% DEXTROSE IF GRBS <= 250MG/DL
* HUMAN ACTRAPID INSULIN INFUSION ( 1ML +39 ML NS) @ 3ML/HR BASED ON GRBS 
* TAB ECOSPRIN GOLD 75/75/10MG PO HS  
* GRBS MONITORING HOURLY
* STRICT I/O CHARTING.
* VITALS MONITORING 2ND HRLY.

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