1801006174 CASE PRESENTATION

 Long case

CHIEF COMPLAINTS:-

A 35 year old female,resident of miryalguda,worker in steel shop,came  with chief complaints of 
•Fever since 12 days
•Shortness of breath since 10 days
•Cough since 8 days

●HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:-

She was apparently asymptomatic 12 days back,and then she developed fever which was insidious in onset,continuous,high grade and not associated with chills and rigors,for which she went near local RMP and took some medications and temperature decreased.

And then she developed breathlessness 10 days back,which was insidious in onset,gradually progressive,SOB is of grade 1 i.e when climbing stairs.SOB aggravated on  exposure to dust and cool air,seasonal variation is present.

History of cough since 8days,which is productive,mucopurulent,non foul smelling, and subsided on medication.Cough aggravated on lying in supine position and relieved gradually on sleeping to one side.

No h/o tightness in chest,No H/0 palpitations ,sweatings,syncopal attacks,b/l pedal edema.

No h/o wheeze,hemoptysis,decrease urinary output,burning micturition,weight loss

●PAST HISTORY:

She is a known case of Asthma since 6years, which was aggravated on dusting the house for which she used inhaler(ASTHALIN),2-3 times in a month.

She develops SOB on climbing 20 steps upstairs i.e grade 1 SOB.

She is not a known case of Diabetes mellitus,Hypertension,Tuberculosis,Epilepsy.


●PERSONAL HISTORY:

Diet:Mixed 

Appetite:Normal 

Sleep: Adequate

Bowel,bladder:regular movements.

No addictions. 

●FAMILY HISTORY:No significant family history.

Not allergic to any drugs. 

●GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious, coherent,cooperative,well oriented to time,place,person.She is moderately built and nourished.

No signs of pallor,icterus,cyanosis,clubbing,lymphedenopathy,generalised edema.

Vitals:PR-86bpm,RR-23cpm,BP-130/90mm hg and afebrile.

SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

●RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

-Upper respiratory tract: No polyps and DNS

Oral cavity:Good oral hygiene.No loss of tooth/caries.

Posterior pharyngeal wall-normal.

-Lower respiratory tract:

On inspection:

Shape of chest: Elliptical,b/l symmetrical chest.

Trachea appears to be central

Chest moves on respiration and  equal on both sides.

No accessory respiratory muscles are used in respiration.

Apical impulse is not visible.

No scars, sinuses,engorged veins.

No kyphosis, scoliosis.

Palpation:

No local rise of temperature, tenderness.All inspectory findings are confirmed by palpation.

Trachea-central position 

Apex beat-5th ICS medial to midclavicular line 

Tactile vocal fremitus:Decreased in Left Infra scapular,Infra axillary area.

AP Diameter-30cms

Transverse diameter-34cms

Circumference-inspiratory-113cms, expiratory-110cms 

Percussion:on sitting position 

On direct percussion resonant note is heard 

 Areas of percussion:

Supraclavicular 

Infraclavicular

Mammary 

Axillary 

Infra axillary 

Supra scapular 

Infra scapular 

Inter scapular 

On indirect percussion:Stony dull note heard over left ISA(infrascapular),IAA (infraaxillary)

 Auscultation:

Bilateral air entry present.

Normal vesicular breathe sounds heard.

Decreased breathe sounds over left ISA,IAA.

No added sounds like Crackles,wheeze.

Decreased vocal resonance over left ISA,IAA 

Crepitations heard over left ISA,IAA

●CVS EXAMINATION:

JVP- Not raised,normal wave pattern.

-on inspection:

 shape of chest wall elliptical, no visible pulsations, no engorged veins present.

Apical impulse is not visible

Palpation:

apex beat over left 5th intercostal space medial to midclavicular line. No parasternal heaves

No precordial thrill 

No dilated veins 

Auscultation:s1 and s2 heard no murmurs heard.

●PER ABDOMEN EXAMINATION:

Inspection:

Shape of the abdomen:Rounded 

Umbilicus:center

Skin-normal,no sinuses,scars,striae 

No dilated viens 

Abdominal wall moves with respiration 

No hernial orifices 

Palpation:

No local rise of temperature,no tenderness.All inspectory findings are confirmed by palpation. 

Liver:Not palpable,Non tender,no hepatomegaly

Spleen:Not palpable,non tender,no splenomegaly 

Kidney:Non tender and not palpable 

No other palpable swellings 

Percussion: 

On abdomen percussion tympanic note is heard

Auscultation:

Bowel sounds heard

●CNS EXAMINATION:

Higher mental functions:

Patient is conscious,coherent,cooperative,

Speech and language is normal 

CRANIAL NERVES:Intact

Olfactory nerve -Intact

Optic nerve -Intact

Occulomotor nerve-Intact

Trochlear-intact 

Trigeminal -intact

Abducens -intact

Facial -intact

Vestibulocochlear -intact

Glossopharyngeal -intact

Vagus -Intact

Spinal accessory -intact

Hypoglossal- intact

Motor system:

                             Right          Left 

 Bulk           UL      N                N      

                    LL      N                 N  


Tone          UL      N                N

                   LL      N                 N

Power      UL      5/5         5/5  

                  LL     5/5         5/5 

Reflexes: 

Superficial reflexes: present

Corneal 

Conjunctival 

Abdominal 

Plantar reflexes 

Deep reflexes:Present

                 Right        Left

Biceps        ++          ++

Triceps       ++          ++

Supinator   ++           ++

Knee            ++         ++

Ankle           ++          ++

Co ordination present 

Gait normal 

No involuntary movements 

Sensory system: 

Pain, temperature, pressure, vibration perceived 


Romberg's test:absent

Graphaesthesia:normal 

Cerebellar signs: 

No nystagmus,Finger nose test positive,Heel knee test positive 

No signs of meningeal irritation. 

●PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:
LEFT SIDED PLEURAL EFFUSION.

●INVESTIGATIONS:-

-COMPLETE BLOOD PICTURE
Hemoglobin-11.5gm/dl*
Total count-10,000cells/cumm
Neutrophils-70%
Lymphocytes-20%
Eosinophils-02%
Monocytes-08%
Basophils-00%
Platelet count-4.24
Interference:Normocytic normochromic smear

SERUM ELECTROLYTES:-

Sodium-136mEq/l (135-145)
Potassium-4.3mEq/l (3.5-5.1)
Chloride-103mEq/l (95-107)
Calcium ionized-0.94mmol/l

LIVER FUNCTION TEST:-

Total bilirubin-0.73 mg/dl(0-1)
Direct bilirubin-0.19mg/dl(0.0-0.2)
SGOT(AST)-32 IU/L(0-31)
SGPT(ALT)-31 IU/L (0-34)
ALP-147 (42-98)
Total proteins-7.8gm/dl
Albumin-3.42gm/dl(6.4-8.3)
A/G ratio-0.78

SERUM URIC ACID:3mg%(2.6-6)

Blood urea-24mg/dl(12-42)

Serum creatinine-0.7(0.6-1.1)

CHEST XRAY:


Chest x ray showing:
Dense uniform opacity in lower lobe and obliteration of costo- phrenic angle indicating left sided pleural effusion.


USG::
Left mild loculated pleural effusion and consolidatory changes noted in left basal segment.




TREATMENT:                                         
Inj.CEFTRIAXONE-1gm,IV,BD
    

Syr.ASCORIL LS-2tsp,TID

NEBULIZE with IPRAVENT-6th hrly,BUDECORT-8th hrly.

Inj.LEVOFLOXACIN-750 mg,iv,od. 



FINAL DIAGNOSIS:

LEFT LOWER LOBE PNEUMONIA WITH  SYNPNEUMONIC EFFUSION.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case


CHIEF COMPLAINTS:-

A55 year old male patient came to opd with chief complaints of slurring of speech since 10days (11-03-23) and deviation of mouth to left side was observed by his wife on 11-03-23 and came to kims on 13-03-23 i.e.,8days ago
Date of admission:13/03/23

●HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:- 

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10days back then he developed slurring of speech  and deviation of mouth towards left side which were sudden in onset. 



No h/o drooling of saliva and ptosis.

No h/o trauma

No h/o difficulty of combing hair,mixing food, squatting,climbing stairs,    rolling in bed,lifting up neck.

No h/o of upper and lower limb weakness.

No h/o blurring of vision.

No h/o loss of consiousness.

No h/o altered sensorium.

●PAST HISTORY:-
no similar complaints in the past.

He is a known case of hypertension since 1 year and is on medication of atenelol and amlodipine(once a day ,morning after food 2tablets) 

History of perforation of tympanic membrane 15 years ago.

History of tuberculosis 21 years ago and took medication for 6 months.

●PERSONAL HISTORY:- 

Diet-mixed

Appetite-normal

Sleep-Adequate

Bowel and bladder movements-regular

Addiction -no current addictions(used to drink Toddy 20 years back but he stopped later)

◆Daily routine:- patient is farmer by occupation

He wakes up at 5 am and does his routine work and have his break fast(rice )at 8 am goes to work.

Has lunch at 1 -2 pm ( rice and curry) .

He reaches home at around 8 pm has dinner ( rice) and goes to sleep.



●FAMILY HISTORY:-

Father is a known case of Diabetes , Hypertension and Tuberculosis and he passed away due to COVID.

Both the sons of the patient were also affected with tuberculosis at the same time

Both his sisters are known case of diabetes and Hypertension 

Brother , sister in law,and both their children were affected with tuberculosis.

Brother had history of stroke 3 years back.


●GENERAL EXAMINATION:-

patient was consious ,coherent ,cooperative and well oriented to time place and person.

No pallor,no icterus, no cyanosis, no clubbing,        no  lymphadenopathy,no edema


VITALS:-

       pulse rate-60 bpm regular and normal in volume and character

       Respiratory rate- 18 cpm, abdominothoracic type

      Blood pressure-130/80mm of Hg in left brachial artery

          Temperature- afebrile






●SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

 ◆CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION-  

Handedness-Right 

Higher mental function -

Consiousness 

Oriented to time place and person

Speech-comprehension present,repetation present, no fluency*

Memory- immediate,recent and remote present

No delusions or hallucinations

CRANIAL NERVE EXAMINATION:-

I- Olfactory nerve- sense of smell present

II- Optic nerve-direct and indirect light reflex present

III- Oculomotor nerve, IV- Trochlear and VI- Abducens- direct and consenual light reflex, accomodation reflex present, no diplopia, no nystagmus, no ptosis.

V- Trigeminal nerve-      sensory: sensation present over face.

motor-Masseter, temporalis and pterygoid muscles are normal.

Reflex- Corneal reflex, conjunctival reflex and jaw jerk is present.

VII- Facial nerve- face is symmetrical 

Motor-forehead wrinkling present , nasolabial folds prominent on both sides.

Sensory- taste sensation on ant 2/3 of tongue present.

Reflex-corneal and conjunctival reflex present

VIII- Vestibulocochlear nerve- decreased hearing of the left ear ( rinner’s negative for 256 Hz and 512 Hz) and normal hearing of the right ear.

No nystagmus

IX- Glossopharyngeal nerve- palatal movements present and equal.

gag reflex present

 X- Vagus- palatal movements present and equal

XI- Accessory nerve- trapezius, sternocleidomastoid contraction present

XII- Hypoglossal nerve- deviation of tongue to right side.



MOTOR SYSTEM:-

1) Bulk-              right       left

-appearnace   normal    normal

-palpation        normal    normal

-measurements

Upper limb -(arm) 29cm  29cm

              (Fore arm) 26cm  25 cm

Lower limb-( thigh) 49cm 49 cm

                    Leg)       31 cm  31 cm

2) Tone-

Upper limb-      normal  normal

 Lower limb-     normal  normal 

3) Power-

  Upper limb-

        Shoulder         5/5      5/5

            Elbow              5/5      5/5

         Wrist               5/5      5/5 

Lower limb-

       Hip-                   5/5     5/5

        Knee-                5/5     5/5

       Ankle-                5/5       5/5

        Leg-                    5/5      5/5

4) Reflex:

       Biceps reflex   2+         2+





        Triceps reflex  2+        2+





        Knee reflex      2+        2+





        Ankle reflex

        Plantar          flexion flexion








SENSORY SYSTEM-

Crude touch -present

 Pain - present

Temperature- present

Fine touch- present

Tactile localisation-present

2 point discrimination-present

CEREBELLAR SYSTEM-

no gait ataxia

Nystagmus-no

Dysarthria-present

Intention tremor-absent

Limb coordination tests:

Finger nose test, heel shin test are normal.

dysdiadochokinesis

MENINGEAL SIGNS-

No neck stiffnes,no kernigs and brudzinsky sign



CVS-

-s1 s2 heard nor murmurs heard

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-

-normal vesicular breath sounds heard ,no addent sounds.

P/A- 

Soft and no organomegaly,
bowel sounds heard.

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

Acute cerebrovascular accident involving left mca territory.

INVESTIGATIONS:

COMPLETE BLOOD PICTURE:

 Haemoglobin:11.7

Peripheral smear: normocytic normochromic anemia

Red blood cells:3.86

Pcv:34.6

Platelet count:2.10

Total leucocyte count:5,100

Fasting blood sugar : 92 mg/dl

Serum creatinine :1.3 mg/dl

Blood urea 38 mg/dl

COMPLETE URINE EXAMINATION:

Colour : pale yellow

Appearance : clear

Reaction :acidic

Albumin:nil

Sugar: nil

Bile salts and bile pigments : nil

RBC : nil

Crystals :nil

Casts : nil

pus cells:2-3

epithelial cells-2-3.


SERUM ELECTROLYTES:

Sodium: 145 mEq/L

Potassium:4.2mEq/L

Chloride:104 mEq/L

Calcium ionized:1.11 mmol/L

-ECG:

MRI IMPRESSION- 
Infarcts in left internal capsule

CAROTID DOPPLER:
Carotid Doppler findings:
-Intimal thickening Of 2mm in Right CCA for a length of 1.5cm.
-7×1.6mm Atheromatous plaque noted in left CCA proximal to its bifurcation causing 20-30% of stenosis.


FINAL DIAGNOSIS:-
Acute cerbrovascular accident with small infarct in left internal capsule.


TREATMENT-

NS IV OD 

TAB. CLOPITAB 75 MG PO/OD


TAB. ECOSPRIN AV 75/10 PO

TAB.ORVAS-40

TAB.TINNICAR 200mg PO/BD

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