1801006185 CASE PRESENTATION

 long case


A 45 old male patient auto driver by occupation came to the OPD with cheif complaints of swelling in the both legs & shortness of breath since 5 days.

History of present illness:

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 5 days back then he developed increased swelling in both lower limbs which is pitting type of edema .insidious in onset gradual in progression. Swelling is up to the ankles . It is not seen above the ankles . 

patient also complains of shortness of breath which is insidious onset gradually progressive . It progressed from grade 2 to grade-4.Patient also complains of breathlessness in lying down position. Aggravated on activity and relived on rest . 

History of paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea is present 3 hours after patient sleeps and it is relieved when patient arises.

Patient also complains of fatigue on activity. 

No complaints of facial puffiness . 

No H/o chest pain , palpitations, syncope attack . 

No complaints of confusion , altered mental status , lack of concentration , memory impairment .

No complaints of abdominal pain . 

No H/O cough , sputum , hemoptysis, chest pain. 

No H/O burning micturation , increased frequency of urine , decreased urine output . 

Past history:

Similar complaints are seen 7 months back for which he is undergoing hemodialysis (twice aweek).


Patient is known case of diabetic since 6 years .Patient is also hypertensive since 5 years . No history of tuberculosis, asthma , epilepsy .

Treatment history:

 patient is taking insulin injections for the diabetes and for hypertension he is taking Tab clinidipine,Tab furosemide, Tab metaprolol . 

Personal history:

Appetite is normal, diet is mixed , bowel and bladder are regular, sleep is adequate, and no addictions & no allergies. 

Family history: 

no similar complaints in the family.

General examination: 

Patient is conscious,coherent & cooperative. Moderately built and well nourished , well oriented with time , place and person. 

Pallor is present 

No icterus , cyanosis , clubbing , lymphadenopathy. 

Pedal edema is present.

Vitals:

Temperature:98.6°f 

Pulse rate:82b/m

Blood pressure:130/80mmhg. 

Respiratory rate:18 cycles/min.


Systemic examination: 

CVS Examination: 

Inspection:

 JVP is raised. 

Chest wall is bilaterally symmetrical. No precordial bulge, no engorged veins over the chest wall , no engorged neck veins , tracheal position is central . No scars and sinuses . 

Palpation : 

Apex beat is present at the 8th intetcostal space 1cm lateral to the mid clavicular line . 

No pulsations, No parastetnal heave , No precordial or carotid thrill , No dilated veins . 

Percussion : normal

Auscultation: s1and s2 are heard and no murmurs. 


Respiratory system examination: 

Inspection: 

Upper respiratory tract : oral cavity , nose , pharynx are normal. 

Lower respiratory tract : 

Chest is bilaterally symmetrical , No chest deformities, No spinal deformities, Movements of the chest are symmetrical.

Palpation : 

Apex beat at the level of 8th intercostal space 1cm lateral to the midclavicular line . 

Trachea is central in position, Chest expansion is normal , expansion of chest is bilaterally symmetrical. No tactile Fremitus and No friction fremitus. Vocal fremitus is also normal.

Percussion : resonant.

Auscultation: 

Bilateral crepitations present in all areas . 

Vocal resonance is normal , No wheezing , No stridor , No pleural and pericordial rub . 

Per abdomen examination: 

Inspection: 

Abdominal distension is present . Fullness of flanks is seen . 

Umbilicus is inverted , all quadrants move equally with the respiration, No visible pulsations , No scars , sinuses , striae , stretched skin, No hernial orifices , No veins on the abdominal wall . 

Palpation : 

No rise of temperature and No tenderness over the abdomen . 

No enlargement of organs . 

Percussion : shifting dullness is present , No fluid thrill , No increase in the liver span . 

Auscultation: 

Bowel sounds are heard . 


CNS examination : 

Higher mental functions are normal .

Cranial nerves examination is normal . 

Motor system : 

1. Bulk : both right and left upper and lower limbs are normal . 

2.Tone : tone of both upper and lower limbs are normal . 

3. Power : power of neck muscles , upper limbs , lower limbs, trunk muscles are good . 

4. Reflexes : superficial reflexes are normal . 

Deep tendon reflexes : Biceps jerk , triceps jerk , ankle jerk , knee jerk are present . 

Normal gait and No involuntary movements. 

Sensory system : crude touch , pain , temperature, fine touch , vibration , position sense are normal . 

Cerebellar signs : Nystagmus , Dysarthria , Hypotonia are not present . 

No signs of meningeal irritation. 

Provisional diagnosis : Heart failure with pulmonary edema .






INVESTIGATIONS:

Hemogram:  

      Hb: 9.5gm/dl  ( 13-17)

    Mcv : 80.8fl  (83-101)

    Mch: 26.5pg  (27-32) 

   Rbc count : 3.59millions/cumm (4.5-5.5)




RFT:

         Urea : 56mg/dl (12-42)

         Creatinine : 6.8mg/dl (0.9-1.3)



LFT:

     Alkaline phosphate : 210IU/L (53-128)

      Albumin :3.23gm/dl (3.5-5.2) 


Serum iron: 60micrograms/dl .



2D echo:

Right atrium - dilated 
Left atrium - dilated 
Left ventricle - dilated concentric left ventricular hypertrophy 


Chest x-ray : 

 

Revised diagnosis: Acute LVF -  pulmonary edema.

CKD .

Anemia of chronic disease. 

Treatment:

Bed rest .

Fluid restriction <1.5 lit/day

Salt restriction < 2gm/day

Inj.Lasix 40mg IV/BD.

Inj.20FER 4mg IV/OD.

Inj.pan 40mg IV/OD.

Moniter vitals.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case


70 yr old male farmer hailing from rural telangana has presented to the OPD with c/o decreased urine output since 15 days 

HOPI

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 15 days ago then he noticed that his urine output has been decreasing. It is associated with burining micturition. No H/o Pyuria, dysuria,pain abdomen, loin pain. 

Reddish discoulouration of Urine present 


Past History 

The patient gives History of Haemodialysis About 10 yrs ago after He had fever with abdominal distension


K/c/o HTN Since 10 yrs initially on T. LOSAR H AND PRESENTLY ON T.TELMA H PO OD 

Not a K/c/o DM , Asthma, TB, Epilepsy, CAD , Thyroid disorders 



Personal History 

Appetite :- Normal

Diet ,:Mixed

Bowel : regular 

Sleep :- Adequate 

Addictions :- 

 Regular Alcoholic stopped 12 yrs ago 

Regualar smoker - Used to smoke 2-3 beedis per day 

Stopped 12 yrs ago 



General Examination

Patient is C/c/C 

No pallor, icterus, cyanosis, Lymphadenopathy, Pedal edema 

Temp :- 98.5F

Bp :- 170/110mmHg 

PR:- 92 bpm

Spo2 :- 99 % @RA 

CVS :- S1s2+ No murmurs 

RS :- BAE+ NVBS + 

PA:- Soft NT 

CNS :- NFND






Chest x ray :- 16.03.2023 1am 

At 7 pm on 16.3.2023 Under strict aseptic conditions ,under USG GUIDANCE, 2% lignocaine was Instilled and 20cc syringe was placed in 6th intercostal space in Right Interscapular area and 20mL straw colour fluid was aspirated

Pleural fluid analysis
Vol - 3ml 
App- clear 
Color - pale yellow 
Tc - 24,550
Dc- 60percent L + 40 percent Neutrophil 
RBC - few 
Others - few mesothelial cells

LDH - 466 IU / l ( 230- 460 ) 
Sugar - 60 mg/ dl ( 60 - 90) 
Protein - 4 g/dl ( 0 - 2.5 )  according to lights criteria it's exudative .
Cytology - predominantly lymphocytes few degenerated neutrophils , mesothelial cells against eosinophilic protaenicious material ruled out malignancy .

Investigations 


Blood Urea - 55mg/dl  ( 17 - 50 ) 

Serum creatinine - 1.8 mg/dl ( 0.8 - 1.3 ) 

Urine protien / Creatinine ratio
Spot urine protein - 8. mg/dl 
Spot urine creatinine - 15 mg/dl
Ratio - o.53 

Treatment

 IV FLUIDS @75 ML/HOUR  on :-16/3/2023

1.Inj.ZOFER IV SOS 

2. INJ PANTOP 40 MG IV OD 

3.Tab.CINOD 10 MG P9 BD

5.SYP CITRALKA 15ml in One glass of Water PO TID           

6.Syp.LACTULOSE 15ML PO HS

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