1801006188 CASE PRESENTATION

 long case

A 35 year old female,resident of miryalguda,worker in steel shop,came  with chief complaints of shortness of breathe since 8days

HOPI:She was apparently asymptomatic 10 days back,and then she developed fever which was insidious in onset,continuous,high grade,no evening rise of temperature,not associated with chills and rigors,for which she went near local RMP and took injections and temperature decreased.

And then she developed breathlessness 8 days back,which was insidious in onset,gradually progressive,SOB is of grade 1 i.e when climbing stairs.SOB aggravated on  exposure to dust and cool air,seasonal variation is present.


History of cough since 8days,which is productive,mucopurulent,non foul smelling,blood tinged and subsided on medication.Cough aggravated on lying in supine position and relieved gradually on sleeping to one side.

History of chest pain since 8days,which is insidious in onset,gradually progressive,stabbing type,radiating from left lower rib upward to back,aggrevated on coughing.

No h/o tightness in chest,No H/0 palpitations ,sweatings,syncopal attacks,b/l pedal edema.

No h/o wheeze,hemoptysis,decrease urinary output,burning micturition,weight loss

PAST HISTORY:

She is a known case of Asthma since 6years, which was aggravated on dusting the house for which she used inhaler(ASTHALIN),2-3 times in a month.

She develops SOB on climbing 20 steps upstairs i.e grade 2 SOB.

She is not a known case of DM,HTN,TB,Epilepsy,CAD.

She underwent tubectomy 18years back and hysterectomy 2years back for abnormal uterine bleeding.

PERSONAL HISTORY:

Diet:Mixed 

Appetite:Normal and food taboos present for Brinjal as she belives that consumption may aggravate SOB.

Sleep: decreased since 8days d/t chest pain.

Bowel,bladder:regular movements.

No addictions. 

FAMILY HISTORY:No significant family history.

Not allergic to any drugs. 

GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious, coherent,cooperative,well oriented to time,place,person.She is moderately built and nourished.

No signs of pallor,icterus,cyanosis,clubbing,lymphedenopathy,generalised edema




Vitals:PR-86bpm,RR-23cpm,BP-130/90mm hg and afebrile.

SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

-Upper respiratory tract:No DNS,Nasal polyp 

Oral cavity:Good oral hygiene.No loss of tooth/caries.

Posterior pharyngeal wall-normal.

-Lower respiratory tract:

On inspection:

Shape of chest: Elliptical,b/l symmetrical chest.

Trachea appears to be central

Chest moves on respiration and  equal on both sides.

Spinoscapular distance equal in both sides.
No accessory respiratory muscles are used in respiration.

Apical impulse is not visible.

No scars, sinuses,engorged veins.

No kyphosis, scoliosis.

Palpation:

No local rise of temperature, tenderness.All inspectory findings are confirmed by palpation.

Trachea-central position 

Apex beat-5th ICS medial to midclavicular line 

Tactile vocal fremitus:Decreased in Left Infra scapular,Infra axillary area.

AP Diameter-30cms

Transverse diameter-34cms

Circumference-inspiratory-113cms, expiratory-110cms 

Right hemithorax- 55cms

Left hemithorax-56cms 

Percussion:on sitting position 

On direct percussion resonant note is heard 

 Areas of percussion:

Supraclavicular 

Infraclavicular

Mammary 

Inframammary 

Axillary 

Infra axillary 

Supra scapular 

Infra scapular 

Inter scapular 

On indirect percussion:Stony dull note heard over left ISA,IAA 

Auscultation:

Bilateral air entry present.

Normal vesicular breathe sounds heard.

Decreased breathe sounds over left ISA,IAA.

No added sounds like Crackles,wheeze.

Decreased vocal resonance over left ISA,IAA 

Crepitations heard over left ISA,IAA

CVS EXAMINATION:

JVP- Not raised,normal wave pattern.

-on inspection:

 shape of chest wall elliptical, no visible pulsations, no engorged veins present.

Apical impulse is not visible

Palpation:

apex beat over left 5th intercostal space medial to midclavicular line. No parasternal heaves

No precordial thrill 

No dilated veins 

Auscultation:s1 and s2 heard no murmurs heard.

PER ABDOMEN EXAMINATION:

Inspection:

Shape of the abdomen:Rounded 

Flanks:Free 

Umbilicus:center,oval shape 

Skin-normal,no sinuses,scars,striae 

No dilated viens 

Abdominal wall moves with respiration 

No hernial orifices

Palpation:

No local rise of temperature,no tenderness.All inspectory findings are confirmed by palpation. 

Liver:Not palpable,Non tender,no hepatomegaly

Spleen:Not palpable,non tender,no splenomegaly 

Kidney:Non tender and not palpable 

No other palpable swellings 

Percussion: 

On abdomen percussion tympanic note is heard

Liver span:12cms in mid clavicular line 

Spleen:No dullness is heard

CNS EXAMINATION:

Higher mental functions:

Patient is conscious,coherent,cooperative,

Speech and language is normal 

CRANIAL NERVES:Intact

Olfactory nerve 

Optic nerve 

Occulomotor nerve 

Trochlear 

Trigeminal 

Abducens 

Facial 

Vestibulocochlear 

Glossopharyngeal 

Vagus 

Spinal accessory 

Hypoglossal 

Motor system:

                                           Right               Left 

 Bulk    UpperLimb           normal           normal    

             Lowerlimb           normal         normal



Tone.    Upperlimb.         normal           normal 

                Lowerlimb.        normal.          normal

Power UpperLimb            5/5                      5/5  

             Lowerlimb           5/5                         5/5 

Reflexes: 

Superficial reflexes: present

Corneal 

Conjunctival 

Abdominal 

Plantar reflexes 

Deep reflexes:Present

                 Right                  Left

Biceps       ++                         ++

Triceps       ++                       ++

Knee.           ++.                    ++

Ankle           ++                     ++
Co ordination :-present 

Gait:- normal 

No involuntary movements 

Sensory system: -

Pain, temperature, pressure, vibration perceived 

Romberg's test:absent

Graphaesthesia:normal 

Cerebellar signs: 

No nystagmus,Finger nose test positive,Heel knee test positive 

No signs of meningeal irritation. 

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

LEFT SIDED PLEURAL EFFUSION.

  Investigations:


Her ESR levels were 170mm in first hour 

Pleural fluid cell count: 

Total WBC count-2400 per mm3 

Polymorphs-80% 

Culture sensitivity-negative 

LFT:

Serum total bilirubin:1.1mgl

Serum direct bilirubin:0.4mg/dl 

C-reactive protein:61.7mg/l 

Chest x ray showing:

Chest x ray showing:
Dense uniform opacity in lower lobe and obliteration of costo- phrenic angle 

COMPLETE BLOOD PICTURE (CBP):-
HAEMOGLOBIN:-11.5 (12-15)

TOTAL COUNT:-12800. (4000-10000)

PLATELET COUNT:- 4.24LAKHS/cumm
  
SERUM ELECTROLYTES:-
SODIUM :-136
POTASSIUM:-4.3
CHLORIDE:-103
CALCUIM IONIZED:-0.94        .   

LIVERFUNCTIONAL TEST:-
TOTAL BILIRUBIN:-0.73
DIRECT BILIRUBIN:-0.19
SGOT(AST):-32
SGPT(ALT):-31
ALKALINE PHOSPHATE:-147(42-98)
TOTAL PROTEINS:-7.8
ALBUMIN:-3.42(3.5-5.2)
URIC ACID SERUM:-3

BLOOD UREA:-24
SERUM CREATININE:-0.7



Pleural tap:-

USG:-

USG showing:
Left mild loculated pleural effusion and consolidatory changes noted in left basal segment


ABG:-  PH:-7.42                     .                                    PCO2:-32.8 mmHg(35-45)

Po2:-70
Hco3:-21







TREATMENT:                                         
Inj.CEFTRIAXONE-1gm,iv,bd
Inj.PAN-40gm,iv,od.                  
  Inj.NEOMOL-100ml,iv if. temperature>101 
Tab.PARACETAMOL-650m,po,tid 

Syr.ASCORIL LS-2tsp,TID 
NEBULIZE with IPRAVENT-6th hrly,BUDECORT-8th hrly.
Tab.MONTEX LC,po,od 

Inj.LEVOFLOXACIN-750 mg,iv,od

DIAGNOSIS: 

LEFT LOWER LOBE PNEUMONIA WITH SYNPNEUMONIC EFFUSION.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

short case


A 55 year old male farmer by occupation resident of yadgirigutta came with chief complaints of

-deviation of mouth to left side since 7 days(11/3/2023)

-slurring of speech since 7 days

HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:-

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 7 days ago then he had developed slurring of speech which was sudden in onset.On the same day his wife noticed deviation of mouth towards left side and was taken to local doctor for which he was given ORS but the symptoms has not subsided.

The next day his wife took him to another hospital for which he was given ORS.

On 13/3/2023 he came to our hospital.

At the time of presentation

Slurring of speech decreased

Slight deviation of mouth present

TIMELINE OF EVENTS:-
He is able to lift his hand, comb his hair, brush his teeth, able to wear his chappals, able to get up from bed

No history of vomiting,dizziness.

No history of blurring of vision

No history of drooling of saliva

No history of loss of consciousness

No drooping of eyelids

No history of difficulty in swallowing

PERSONAL HISTORY:- 

Diet-mixed

Appetite-normal

Sleep-reduced

Bowel and bladder movements-regular

Addiction -no current addictions(used to drink sara 20 years back but he stopped later)



Daily routine:

Patient is a farmer by occupation resident of yadgirigutta.

Patient wakes up at 5am in the morning and does his daily work and prays for an hour.

He has rice for breakfast by 8 am.

He goes to the fields along with his wife on scooty by 9am.

He has his lunch by 1pm.

In the evening they return from work at 6pm.

He goes for bath 

He has rice for dinner at 8pm and  prays for an hour.

He goes to bed at 10pm

PAST HISTORY:

No historyof similar complaints in the past.

Known case of Tuberculosis 15 years back-used medication for 6 months

He is a known case of hypertension since 1 year and takes medicines irregularly(Tab.Amlodipine 5mg)

No history of diabetes,asthma,epilepsy.

FAMILY HISTORY:-

His father is a known case of of diabetes, hypertension and tuberculosis and he passed away due to covid.

Both his sisters are known case of diabetes and Hypertension.

Brother had history of stroke 3years ago


GENERAL EXAMINATION:-

patient was consious ,coherent ,cooperative and well oriented to time place and person.


No pallor,no icterus, no cyanosis, no clubbing, no lymphadenopathy,no edema


Vitals-


       pulse rate-60 bpm


       Respiratory rate- 18 cpm  



Blood pressure-130/80mm of hg

            Temperature- afebrile




Systemic examination-

  Cns-   

Higher mental function :-

Consiousness, coherent

Well Oriented to time place and person

Speech-comprehension present,repetation present, no fluency

Memory- immediate,recent and remote present

No delusions or hallucinations

Cranial nerve examination:-


I- Olfactory nerve- sense of smell present


II- Optic nerve-direct and indirect light reflex present


III- Oculomotor nerve, IV- Trochlear and VI- Abducens- direct and consenual light reflex, accomodation reflex present, no diplopia, no nystagmus, no ptosis.


V- Trigeminal nerve- sensory: sensation present over face.


motor-Masseter, temporalis and pterygoid muscles are normal.


Reflex- Corneal reflex, conjunctival reflex and jaw jerk is present.


VII- Facial nerve- face is symmetrical.   

Motor-forehead wrinkling present , nasolabial folds prominent on both sides.


Sensory- taste sensation on ant 2/3 of tongue present.


Reflex-corneal and conjunctival reflex present


VIII- Vestibulocochlear nerve- decreased hearing of the left ear ( rinner’s negative for 256 Hz and 512 Hz) and normal hearing of the right ear.


No nystagmus


IX- Glossopharyngeal nerve- palatal movements present and equal.

gag reflex present


 X- Vagus- palatal movements present and equal


XI- Accessory nerve- trapezius, sternocleidomastoid contraction present


XII- Hypoglossal nerve- deviation of tongue to right side.



Motor systerm:-


1) Bulk:-                right            left


-appearnace:-     normal       normal


-palpation:-        normal          normal


-measurements:-         right              Left

Upper limb -(arm):-.    29cm         29cm                              (fore arm):-.    26cm          25 cm

Lower limb-( thigh) :-   49cm         49 cm

              ( Leg):-            31 cm           31 cm


2) Tone:-.                

Upper limb:-           normal               normal


 Lower limb:-         normal                    normal 


3) Power:-

  Upper limb:-

  Shoulder:-                 5/5             5/5


            Elbow :-        5/5                 5/5


         Wrist:-               5/5            5/5 


Lower limb-


            Hip:-               5/5               5/5


        Knee:-              5/5               5/5


       Ankle:-                5/5            5/5


        Leg:-               5/5               5/5


4) Reflex:-


       Biceps reflex:-       2+             2+


        Triceps reflex :-     2+                 2+


        Knee reflex:-            2+                 2+


        Ankle reflex:-          2+.                 2+


             









SENSORY SYSTEM:-

Crude touch -present

Pain - present

Temperature- present

Fine touch- present

Tactile localisation-present

2 point discrimination-present


CEREBELLAR SYSTEM-

no gait ataxia

Nystagmus-no

Dysarthria-present

Intention tremor-absent


Limb coordination tests:-

Finger nose test, heel shin test are normal.

dysdiadochokinesis


MENINGEAL SIGNS:-

No neck stiffnes,no kernigs and brudzinsky sign.   



CVS-

Inspection- chest wall appears normal in shape and symmetrical,no visible pulsations,scars,dilated veins.

PALPATION- apical impulse felt at 5 ICS medial to MCL.

AUSCULATION-s1 s2 heard nor murmurs heard

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-

Inspection-chest wall normal shape and symmetrical movement with repiration, no dilated veins,no scars

Palpation- trachea central,Chest wall movements symmetrical, tactile vocal fremitus symmetrical.

Percussion- resonant,no pain and tenderness

Ausculation-normal vesicular breath sounds heard ,no addent sounds.


PER ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION:-

Inspection- abdomen round ,umbilicus in center not everted ,no visble sinuses and scar,no visible peristalsis,


Palpation-no pain and tenderness no organomegaly

Auscultation-bowel ssounds heard

Provisional diagnosis:-

Cerebrovascular accident 

with acute infarct in left internal capsule

and acute infarct in left occipital lobe


Investigations:-

Complete blood picture

 Haemoglobin:11.7

Peripheral smear: normocytic normochromic anemia

Red blood cells:3.86

Pcv:34.6

Platelet count:2.10

Total leucocyte count:5,100


Fasting blood sugar : 92 mg/dl


Serum creatinine :1.3 mg/dl


Blood urea 38 mg/dl


COMPLETE URINE EXAMINATION:-

Colour : pale yellow

Appearance : clear

Reaction :acidic

Albumin:nil

Sugar: nil

Bile salts and bile pigments : nil

RBC : nil

Crystals :nil

Casts : nil

pus cells:2-3

epithelial cells-2-3


SERUM ELECTROLYTES:-

Sodium: 145 mEq/L

Potassium:4.2mEq/L

Chloride:104 mEq/L

Calcium ionized:1.11 mmol/L

Xray chest:-


Fever chart:-


Ecg-






Carotid doppler:-





MRI REPORT:-




MRI IMPRESSION- infarcts in left internal capsule


 Provisional diagnosis:-

   Cerebrovascular accident With acute infarct in left internal capsule and

acute infarct in left occipital lobe

TREATMENT-

INJ. OPTINEURON 1 AMP IN 500ML


NS IV OD 


TAB. CLOPITAB 75 MG PO/OD


TAB. ECOSPRIN AV 75/10 PO




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